1. Proteins
Page 47

2.  What elements make up proteins?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur

3. Name the main functions of proteins.
1.) Provides structure for tissues and
organs.
2.) Helps carry out cell metabolism.
Cell Metabolism…All the chemical
reactions that take place within living
organisms.

4.  Name the basic building blocks of proteins.
Amino Acids

5.  How many common amino acids are present?20
How many of these 20 are made
within the body?
Therefore 8 MUST come from
plants, meats and beans.
These 8 are called essential amino
acids. 12

6. What is the structure of an amino acid? Draw an example.
H (hydrogen group)
NH C COOH (carboxyl group)
(Functional Group)
 Gives proteins its specific structure…structure determines the specific function
Amino Group R

7.  Name the type of bond that links amino acids.
Peptide Bonds

8.  Do proteins vary in shape and sizes?
YES

9. Name the 2 factors that affect the shape and size of amino acids.
In other words, what factors affect how proteins fold together…
1.) The number of amino acids in a chain
2.) The sequence of amino acids in a chain
(order)

10.  Proteins Shape determines the specific function of a protein.
If the sequence of amino acids
changes…how the proteins folds
changes…
Therefore the original function of that
particular protein changes too.

11. What are two types of interactions between side groups that are important in the structure of a protein?
Sulfur atoms form covalent bonds that force the protein to bend into a certain shape.
Hydrogen bonds can form between the side groups of amino acids which cause the protein to fold into a specific shape.

12. What is an example of an incorrectly folded protein?
One wrong amino acid in a blood cell can cause sickle cell anemia.

13.  Other Functions of Proteins
Contracting of muscles tissues .
Transporting oxygen in the blood
stream.
Boosting the immune system.
Help other proteins carry out their
specific function.