1. MAPS
Basic Components

2. Definition
Map = a representation of the Earth’s features drawn on a flat surface

3. Basic Components of a Map
TITLE
describes the basics of what the map tells us; usually given in two parts telling where and what
(i.e. Canada: Physical)

4. Basic Components of a Map
DIRECTION ARROW
usually always showing North, therefore E, S, and W are implied. (direction arrows are not in the atlas because North is always up)
BORDER
Sets map apart from other information in the text

5. Basic Components of a Map
SCALE
a way to measure distance
Types of Scales:
direct statement written in words (i.e. 1 cm represents 1 km)

6. Basic Components of a Map
representative statement written in numbers as a ratio (i.e. 1:50000)
linear scale, shown as a divided line
**all scales mean the same thing but are shown in different ways. Changing from one scale to another is called scale conversion.

7. Basic Components of a Map
LEGEND
symbols on the map explained on the side.
Types of Symbols:
point – used to represent small objects (i.e. bridges or buildings).

8. Basic Components of a Map
Line – represent features that appear as lines (i.e. roads or railways).
Area – represent large features by colour and shading (i.e. lakes, mountain ranges, or forests).
d) Date of Publication
* Text Page 21

9. MAP RULES

10. Map Rules All labeling on maps should be done in blue or black ink
All maps should include the 5 components
All maps need a two-part title (where:what)
All maps should be neat, accurate, and legible

11. Map Rules
All labeling should be written straight from left to right (exceptions: rivers, physical features)
Colouring:
Use pencil crayons & make them distinct
No dark colours
No similar colours next to each other

12. Map Rules Colours to keep in mind: Blue – water
Browns and greens – physical maps
Red – roads and cities
Light pastel colours – political maps

13. Types of Maps
General-purpose maps provide many types of information on one map. Good for broad understanding. (ex. Atlas, road maps)
Thematic Maps – show very specific information on a particular topic of theme for a place. (ex. vegetation, see text pg. 23)

14. Types of Maps
Topographic Maps – use symbols to show a variety of features. Contour lines show changes in elevation and grid system is used for locating places. (see pg. 24)
Digital Map – maps in digital form in computer programs, handheld devices, or on the internet. Users can customize the presentation of the data.