1. Sentence Structure
Sentence Types

2. Sentence Structure
Sentence Types

3. Sentence Types
Simple
Compound
Complex

4. Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

5. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

6. SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate

7. Simple Sentence
Tom and Mary
play tennis.
Compound Subject
&

8. Simple Sentence Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
&

9. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.

10. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

11. Hi,
I’m Punctuation Pete!

12. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
No comma before “and”
in compound
subjects and predicates!

13. Compound Sentence with Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

14. Compound Sentence
Tom
swims,
and
Mary
plays tennis.

15. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO

16. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

17. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

18. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

19. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

20. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Note: Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

21. Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

22. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

23. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

24. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Note: Place commas before and
after a conjunctive adverb
in the middle!

25. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

26. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Note: Place a comma before
a conjunctive adverb
at the end!

27. Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

28. COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

29. Complex Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

30. Complex Sentence
Bob
is popular
even though he
is ugly.

31. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS
ADVERB CLAUSES

32. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Dependent

33. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause Clause 2
Dependent Independent

34. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
When the MAIN clause is first,
it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!

35. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
When the ADVERB clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

36. Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike
is popular
because he
is good looking,
but he
is not very happy.

37. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE: COMBINES BOTH TYPES
Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.
Punctuate each clause
according to its rules!

38. Punctuation
Review!

39. My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend.
No commas before “and” in
compound subjects and predicates!

40. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do.
Comma before coordinating
conjunction!

41. Semicolon before conjunctive adverb Comma after conjunctive adverb!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; however, some schools fail to distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb
Comma after conjunctive
adverb!

42. Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools, however, fail to distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon after first
independent clause--
Commas before and after conjunctive
adverb!

43. Conjunctive Adverb at the end
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb at the end
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools fail to distinguish between these groups, however.
Semicolon after first
independent clause--
Comma before conjunctive
adverb!

44. People had continuous moderate
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
People had continuous moderate
exercise when they had to hunt for food.
When main clause is first,
it is not usually followed by a comma!

45. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise.
When the adverb clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

46. References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.