1. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types

2. A Sentence... MUST have a subject and a verb (predicate)
MUST have a complete thought
Also...
Begins with a capital letter
Ends with punctuation

3. Sentence Types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

4. Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

5. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

6. Simple Sentence

7. Types of Sentence Structure
Simple sentence = ONE independent clause
May have a compound subject or compound verb, but still only one main clause and no dependent clauses; may have phrases included, but still only one independent, main clause
Examples:
Brian ran down the field.
(1 subject and 1 verb)
Hope and Kelsie talked and laughed all night.
(compound subject and compound verb)

8. Simple Sentence We went to San Juan yesterday.
Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:
We went to San Juan yesterday.

9. Simple Sentence We went to San Juan . Pronoun Verb
Prepositional phrase
We went to San Juan .
Simple subject
Complete predicate

10. SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate

11. Simple Sentence
Tom and Mary
play tennis.
Compound Subject
&

12. Simple Sentence play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
&

13. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.

14. SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

15. Compound Sentence

16. Types of Sentence Structure
Compound Sentence - = A compound sentence has 2 or more parts that can stand alone (independent clauses)
Can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS or by a semicolon
Examples:
Hannah likes to read, but she likes to watch movies, too.
Hunter wants to play baseball, or he might go out for golf, but he will always play football.
Ryan plays the trumpet well; he practices every day of the week.

17. Compound Sentence We went to San Juan, and
most of us danced all night.

18. Compound Sentence We went to San Juan,
Subject
Verb
Prepositional phrase
We went to San Juan,
Predicate
Coordinating
Conjunction
and most of us danced all night .
Subject
Modifying phrase
Verb

19. Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

20. Compound Sentence
Tom
swims,
and
Mary
plays tennis.

21. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO

22. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

23. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

24. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

25. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

26. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Note: Semicolon
before conjunctive
adverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!

27. Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

28. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

29. Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

30. COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON
Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

31. Sentence Structure Practice: Identify these sentences as Simple or Compound.  
You and I need piano lessons.
I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get tickets.
Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara biked the second part.
The bell rang.
Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.
The skier turned and jumped.
Ella hoped to win the contest and get a prize.
Jonathan saw the opportunity, and he drew back the bow.
Jack and Dustin scored well on the test in their math classes.
Kelly bought some new shoes, and she wore them to a party.
My horse loves to run and buck in the sunshine.
Kevin wanted to stay home, so Sandy went shopping.
Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
John and Mark played football and baseball in high school.
Kim decided she did want to go on the trip, yet she still had to raise the money to go.

32. Answers
Simple
Compound

33. The END… For now…

34. Complex Sentence

35. Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot
The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

36. Complex Sentence Examples:
When it started to snow, the children all cheered.
I will grade all of the tests after I finish my lunch.
Before he started playing in the band, Josh wondered what he would do with all of his spare time.

37. Complex Sentence Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun,
we went to San Juan yesterday.

38. Complex Sentence Since we wanted to have fun,
Subordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Subject
Predicate
we went to San Juan yesterday.

39. Complex Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

40. Complex Sentence
Bob
is popular
even though he
is ugly.

41. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

42. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Dependent

43. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause Clause 2
Dependent Independent

44. Compound-Complex Sentence

45. Compound-Complex Sentences = at least 2 independent clauses (compound) and at least 1 dependent clause (complex)
Examples:
When I realized I was wrong, I apologized, but I still felt bad about it.
Katie wanted a new puppy, and she asked her mom after she had cleaned her room thoroughly.

46. Compound-Complex Sentence
This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand alone, and at least one that cannot.
Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.

47. Compound-Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have fun,
my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday,
and we danced all night.

48. Compound-Complex Sentence
Subordinating
Conjunction
Since we wanted to have fun,
Part that cannot stand alone
my boyfriend and I went to San Juan,
Subject
Predicate
Coordinating
Conjunction
and we danced all night.

49. Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike
is popular
because he
is good looking,
but he
is not very happy.

50. Sentence Structure Practice: Identify these sentences as Complex (CX) or Compound-Complex (CD-CX).
Michael always dresses nicely for school because he likes to be neat.
He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the climber moves up the rock.
Since he studied hard, Nate passed the test, and he graduated with honors.
Because Kayla has so much climbing experience, we asked her to lead our group.
I must stay home until the man comes to repair the washing machine.
There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.
I wrote Jane a letter while she was away at camp.
When the rain began, we were playing tennis.
When Tyler looks out his window, he sees the beautiful day waiting, and he longs to be outside playing.
In the late afternoon sunshine, Paige looked beautiful on her horse.

51. Answers
Complex
Compound-complex

52. The Four Sentence Structures
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES
DEPENDENT
Simple 1
Compound
2 or more
Complex
1 or more
Compound-Complex

53. The End