1. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

2. Basics for Developmental Theory
A person goes through many stages in life, that is part of a continuous journey to self realization
A person must complete one stage of life in order to have the skills to survive in the next stage
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Basics Continued…
If one gets stuck in a single stage of development for an extended period of time, they risk incurring developmental damage and reaching the stage of self and social realization can become difficult
All of the theories deal with a 3 part path to adulthood; ____________, ____________, and __________________

4. Erik Erikson: Eight Stages of Development
____________________________________________________________________________________
At each stage a person is challenged by __________________________________________
Through adolescence to adulthood youth deal with issues on who they are, what they want to be (identity versus role confusion), who to be with (intimacy versus isolation), and what to contribute as an individual to society
Pushed through stages by ____________________ ______________, but identity development reflects psychological clock

5. Erik Erikson Continued…
8 Stages
_________________(birth- 18 months)
____________________(18 months- 3 years)
_____________________(3 – 5 years)
__________________(6 – 12 years)
____________________(12 – 18 years)
__________________(18 – 35 years)
____________________( years)
___________________(65 – Death)

6. Jane Loevinger: Theory of Ego Development
10 stages in the formation of the ego (ego = the understanding of self)
______________once the child understands they are “an individual separate from their mother”
__________________________________
Conformist Stage (Adolescence)
Conscientious Stage (Adult)
Developing a clear sense of self precedes truly intimate relationships
Progress is determined by ____________________

7. Family Life Cycle Early adult is launched from their family of origin
Goal for adulthood is ___________________ ____________________
3 developmental tasks
Individuation – separate identity
New intimate relationships
Tentative commitment to career/workplace

8. Daniel Levinson: Theory of the Seasons of Life
Adulthood is 25 years between ’s
Early Adult Stage (17 – 22yrs)
Separation from family of origin
_____________________________________
Entering the Adult World (22 – 28yrs)
Forming life structure and the Dream (individual’s sense of self in adult world), forming mentor relationships, forming an occupation and forming intimate relationships/family
Age 30 Transition (28 – 33yrs)

9. Klaus Riegel: Interpretation of Development
________________________________________________________________________
Stages develop according to ______________________and __________ ___________________
Development occurs when a change in one area leads to a change in another

10. Leonard Pearlin
Disagreed with “stage” theories (socialized cohort responses, not inner changes)
_________________________________________ _______________________________
4 elements affect an individual’s path:
Individual characteristics (gender, race, personality, education etc)
Range of skills individuals have for coping with stress/change
Availability of social supports
Nature of stress that needs to be responded to

11. Issues affecting youth in the transition to adulthood HHS4U

12. Issues affecting the transition to adulthood:
The transition to adulthood involves change and uncertainty as individuals figure out who they are and what they want
How individuals cope with these changes depends on a number of factors: ________________________ ____________________________________________________________

13. Resilience – a factor affecting life transitions?
What is resilience?
It is the capacity _____________________ __________________________________
It is about learning to “muddle through” difficult times
It is about building strong relationships and support systems
“If we are facing in the right direction, all we have to do is keep walking”

14. Linking resilience research to young people
It is suggested that through dealing with chaos (issues, challenges), individuals discover who they are
Young adulthood is full of complexities, decisions, challenges and identity confusion
Working through this time, builds resiliency in young adults

15. Abilities of resilient people:
______________– know what they are feeling and are able to regulate emotions and impulses
_____________ (realistically optimistic)
___________________and can use them to their advantage
Are able to _______________________ ________________________________

16. Abilities (continued)
Are empathetic – able to understand how others feel in various situations
Are able to connect and build strong relationships with people (for support)

17. Videos on resilience

18. Issues affecting young adults (text book suggestions)
Societies changing gender roles – how gender role socialization affects the lifestyle choices of men and women
Cultural conflict – between generations
Social economic changes – cost of education, employment opportunities, housing/social support
Family violence, prejudice/discrimination, substance abuse, poverty (living poor), specific youth groups at risk (immigrant youth, aboriginal youth, females, males, gay/transgendered youth), physical and mental health, abuse (emotional, verbal, physical)