1. Pre-Portuguese Overseas Africa
Nothing Universal

2. Government State: Stateless: Secret Societies: Mali/Songhay
Formal
Stateless:
Non-formal
Non-professional
Kindred
Council
Secret Societies:
West Africa
Like “Jedi”
Corruption, rivalries, etc.
Nonpartisan
Law, mystical, etc.
Mali/Songhay
City-states

3. Generalizations Bantu-migration Animism Eco Pop: 45 Resilience North
Specialization
Trade (merchants)
Pop: 45

4. Individual Societies Nubia (8, 12) & Ethiopia (12-13) Ghana (200 ce)
Christian
Ghana (200 ce)
Islam (9)
Gold & salt
Almoravids
Swahili Coast
Trading posts (12)
Kongo
Mbanza Kongo
Confederation
Sudanic Region
Stateless
Central Africa
Bantu

5. Post-Colonialism Black Culture Known for art/dance/music
Influenced by colonial nations
Music, religion, language
Beadworks
Ethnicity
blue= lonely
1962 Nelson Mandela
South Africa:
“Rainbow Nation”
Afrikaana & English
11 recognized langauges
Afrikaana, English, Ndebele, N. Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Zulu & Xhosa account for 40%

6. Central/West Africa Kin relations important
Child receives spirit & body from parents
Skills taught to boys
Girls instructed on house duties
Polygamy
Animistic Relgion

7. Bib "Our Africa." Our Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.
Domain, Dido's Desolate. "Africa Facts." Africa Facts. N.p., n.d. Web Apr
Stearns, Peter N., Michael Adas, Stuart B. Schwartz, and Marc Jason Gilbert. World Civilizations: The Global Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education,, as Prentice Hall, Print.