1. Rejecting Liberalism
Chapter Issue: To what extent is communism or fascism a valid response to liberalism?

2. Relationships Among Ideologies
Above is a chart denoting the relationships among these ideologies based on the values of collectivism

3. Why would a country reject liberalism?

4. Two Influential Ideologies to Reject Liberalism:
COMMUNISM
FASCISM

5. Both Communism & Fascism used Totalitarian Governments
TOTALITARIANISM: Use of government to exert complete control over EVERY aspect of it’s citizen’s lives

6. Both used a Hierarchical Structure
Single charismatic party leader
Obedience to and support for the party was non-negotiable
Top party members (national)
Lower party members (regional & local)
Masses of people in the nation

7. Totalitarian Tactics
Conformity to the state ideology is demanded, and is achieved through such measures as:
Extensive local, regional, and national organization.
Youth, professional, cultural, and athletic groups (often forced participation).
A secret police using terror.
Indoctrination through education.
Censorship of the media.
Redirecting popular discontent (use of scapegoats).

8. Commonalities
New technologies made totalitarianism possible and allowed rulers to maintain an extreme degree of control over their populations
Turned away from the individual and away from limited democratic governments
Both had one party rule (no other political parties allowed)
Both favoured a collective, all-powerful state

9. Fear Terror Intimidation Indoctrination Propaganda Coercive power
Control of the Masses
Fear Terror Intimidation Indoctrination Propaganda Coercive power
GESTAPO

11. Indoctrination
Indoctrination is brainwashing & thought control

12. The Nature of Totalitarian Regimes
Radical
Reactionary
The Nature of Totalitarian Regimes
Totalitarian regimes are responding to what they see as dangerous and destabilizing changes. They consider the existing society in need of a complete transformation. This transformation may be:
Radical, as in the Soviet Union, where the change is a move toward the FAR LEFT side of the economic spectrum (a classless society with public ownership of property) and a complete REJECTION of the political and economic traditions of the past.
Reactionary, as in Nazi Germany, where the change desired is a move toward an idealized past and an ACCEPTANCE of economic inequality (accepting the belief that some people are naturally better than others). FAR RIGHT.

13. The Rejection of Liberalism
We have discussed modern liberalism and socialism as responses to classical liberalism
They were not the only responses – the values of liberalism were rejected by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany between WWI and WWII as they promoted communism and fascism

14. Your Task: Evaluate Ideological Systems that Rejected Liberalism
Form triads
You will need to develop
A presentation, between minutes, that analyzes and evaluates Soviet Communism or Nazi Fascism
How was communism in the Soviet Union a rejection of liberalism?
How was fascism in Nazi Germany a rejection of liberalism?
Include a brief timeline of events that led to the rejection of liberal values and development of communism/fascism
You’ll want to include images, videos, handout ( it to me before class and I shall have it copied for everyone)
Your PowerPoint/Prezi must be ed to me, and with your permission, deposited into the Pensieve for your classmates to refer to