1. The Rise of Totalitarianism

2. I. Totalitarianism
Definition: one-party dictatorship that regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives; everything is subordinated totally to the state
vs. dictatorship, authoritarianism, autocracy, absolutism

3. I. Totalitarianism Characteristics: Forced to live by ruler’s beliefs
Demands total mass conformity
1 political party only
Propaganda
Technology
Secret police / terror
Censorship
State-controlled economy
Strong military
Leader tries to convince people he is democratic or has democratic support
Youth, professional, cultural, sports groups

4. I. Totalitarianism “left” vs. “right” Left Right Communism
Collective ownership of wealth
Arise in undeveloped countries
Working class support
Ex.: USSR under Stalin, China under Mao
Right
Fascism & Nazism
Private ownership of wealth
Arise in developed countries
Middle class support
Ex.: Germany under Hitler, Italy under Mussolini

5. II. Fascism Debate over definition Political doctrine vs. action
When it arose
1 or more?
Right or left? (1920 shift)
Political doctrine vs. action
Definition (as best as it can be):
Anti- … socialist, communist, radical, democratic, republican, feminism, liberal, conservative
Pro- … new nationalist authoritarian state, volunteerism
Organization: mass party militia; use of violence
Youth movement
Technology
Not necessarily racist

6. III. Nazism
Germany / Hitler
Fascism + racism/anti-Semitism

7. IV. Communism
USSR / Stalin
Theory vs. practice