1. The Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 & the Rise of Nationalism
Honors World History
Ms. Garratt

2. Congress of Vienna Three goals: Concert of Europe
Victory for Conservatives
Failed however, to foresee rise of nationalism

3. Three Ideologies Conservatives Liberals Radicals
Usually wealthy property owners & nobility
Wanted to protect monarchies of Europe
Opposed changes caused by Fr Rev
Liberals
Mostly middle class business leaders & merchants
Wanted more power to elected parliaments
Only educated & landowners should vote
Radicals
Favored drastic changes to extend demo to all
Believed gov should practice ideals of Fr Rev (lib, eqa, fr)
Wanted republican form of gov

4. What is Nationalism?
Nationalism is loyalty to a nation or people who share some or all of the following:
History
Culture
Language
Nationality
Religion
Territory

5. Nation-state
When a nation had its own independent gov it became a nation-state
In 1815 only Fr, England & Spain could be called nation-states
Most of those who believed in nation-states were libs or rads
German middle class libs wanted unification
Lib Hungs in empires wanted self-rule

6. Greeks gain independence
1st people to win self-rule are Greeks
They rebel against the Turks in 1821
WHY were they able to win independence despite pledges at COV?
Russians felt connection to Gr Orthodox X who were ruled by Ottoman Muslims
Educated Europeans respected ancient Gr culture and sided with the Greeks
Battle of Navarino in 1827
1830 Brit, Fr & Russ sign treaty guaranteeing an independent Greece

7. Revolutions of 1830s Old order established by COV was imploding.
Liberals and Nationalists were openly revolting against conservative governments.
Belgium
Italy
Poles
All failed (except Belgium) due to overpowering strength of the Concert of Europe

8. Revolutions of 1848 See page 245
“When France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold.”
Ethnic uprisings
Vienna
Prague
Budapest
Poland
Gains would be lost within a year
Revolutionaries failed to unite
Conservatives regained power

9. Why the Revolutions of 1830s and 1848 Failed?
Nationalist/liberal movement will fail because of lack of unity among groups
Some wanted political changes
“ “ economic changes

10. Radicals in France
It was only in France that the radical goal of democractic gov was the main goal of the rev
King Charles X –
tried to restablish abs monarchy in 1830
Sparked riots that forced him to flee
Replaced by Louis Philippe
Louis-Philippe – liberal
Overthrown and republic was established
Republic fell apart almost immediately because radicals split into factions
Pol vs econ goals
Differences led to bloody riots which alienated the mainstream citizens
Louis Napoleon becomes president and 4 yrs later emperor
Tremendous growth econ

11. Reform in Russia Russ was backward & weak – not yet industrialized
Feudal system existed, serfs bound to nobles
Many believed the system was immoral & that serfdom should end; others believed it prevented the country from advancing.
However, Czar would not free the serfs because it meant alienating the nobles which he needed

12. Defeat brings change
Lack of development was made apparent during the Crimean War 1853.
Czar Nicholas I threatened to take over part of the Ottoman Empire but Russia’s industries & transp system failed to provide adequate supplies for the country’s troops.
As a result Russia lost the war
Czar Alex II decided to push for modernization & social change that would allow Russia to compete with Europe for world power

13. Abolition of serfdom Took place in 1861
Serfs were legally free but debt still tied them to the land
Pol & social reforms ground to a halt when Alex II was assassinated
But modernization continued and was motivated by nationalism as nations began to compete with one another.

14. Disintegration of three empires Austria Russia Ottoman Gradually, however all three will be lost by the end of world War I

15. Disintegration of Empires - Austria
Hapsburg Dynasty
Polyglot of
different
ethnicities

16. Decline of Ottoman Empire - Turks
Slow decline in Eastern Europe

17. Nationalist Groups that Seek Unification
Groups that are divided by empires or rule of others
Two major countries that sought unification in the late 1870s are:
Germany
Italy

18. Unification of Italy Victor Emanuelle Camillo di Cavour Garibaldi
Napoleon
Garibaldi
Red Shirts

19. Unification of Germany
Prussian Junker - Otto von Bismarck
Realpolitik
Schleswig-Holstein War 1864 ustria & Prussia)
Seven Weeks’ War 1866 (against Austria)
Franco-Prussian War (1870)
For what purpose did Bismarck use war?
Second Reich established – Wilhelm I
B/P created at COV had crumbled
Germany & Britain dominate

20. Russia Backwards Crimea War Reform & industrialization Alex II
Edict of Emancipation
Assassination of Alex II led to repressive policies
Economic
Jews