1. Human Reproduction
Puberty
Reproductive organs
Menstruation
27/11/2018

2. Growing Up
Humans are only able to reproduce after their bodies go through changes and they reach SEXUAL MATURITY. We call the onset of sexual maturity PUBERTY.
Working in pairs, write down the changes boys and girls go through during puberty.
27/11/2018

3. Changes for Boys Voice deepens Grow hair on face and chest
Grow pubic hair
Sexual organs get bigger
Start producing sperm
Shoulders broaden
Hormones produced
27/11/2018

4. Changes for Girls Breasts grow bigger
Egg released once per month by ovaries
Grow pubic hair
Sexual organs get bigger
Menstruation begins
Hormones produced
27/11/2018

5. Growing-Up
A number of changes happen when children grow up and go through puberty:
Girls
Boys
27/11/2018

6. pubic hormones reproduce menstruation puberty
Exercise 1: Puberty
Before humans can ________ they must reach sexual maturity. The process where a human’s body changes so it is able to reproduce sexually is called ________.
Both boys and girls grow _____ hair during puberty.
Their sexual organs get bigger and ________ begin to be produced.
Boys begin to produce sperm and girls begin ___________.
reproduce
puberty
pubic
hormones
menstruation
pubic hormones reproduce menstruation puberty
27/11/2018

7. Exercise 2: Puberty 1. What is puberty?
2. Who reaches puberty first, boys or girls?
3. Give two changes only boys go through during puberty.
4. Give two changes only girls go through during puberty.
5. Give two changes boys and girls go through during puberty.
When humans go through changes to reach sexual maturity.
Girls.
Grow facial hair, shoulders broaden, begin producing sperm.
Breasts get larger, menstruation begins, eggs released from ovaries once per month.
Grow pubic hair, hormones produced, sexual organs get bigger.
27/11/2018

8. Eggs and Sperm (Sex Cells)
27/11/2018
The female egg cell and the male sperm cell are examples of ____________ cells:
Sperm Cell
Nucleus
The egg cell is basically an enlarged cell with massive _____ reserves
Strong tail for ________
Words – food, swimming, specialised,

9. Female Reproductive System
Uterus (womb)
Fallopian Tube
Lining of womb
Ovary
Cervix
Upon sexual maturity one egg is released from the ovaries every month.
Vagina
27/11/2018

10. Female Reproductive System
27/11/2018
Ovaries: Releases eggs (up until menopause)
Fallopian Tube: Carries the egg from the ovary to the womb
Uterus/ Womb: Area where the baby develops
Cervix: Opening of womb
Vagina: tube into where sperm is released
Lining of womb: lining that builds up in the womb preparation an embryo attaching to it to develop into a baby

11. Female Reproductive System
27/11/2018
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Womb (uterus)
Cervix
Vagina
Bladder

12. Exercise 5: Label the Diagram
27/11/2018
Exercise 5: Label the Diagram
C. ____________
Fallopian Tube
B. ______
Uterus
A. ______
Ovary
D. _____
Cervix
E. ______
Vagina

13. Male Reproductive System
Urethra
Gland
Sperm duct
Testes
Scrotal sac
Upon sexual maturity sperm begins to be produced.
27/11/2018

14. Male Reproductive System
Testis/ Testicles: Makes sperm
Scrotum: Sac in which testis are held at less than body temperature
Sperm Ducts: Two sperm ducts carry sperm from the testis to the urethra
Urethra: Allows sperm to pass out of the male body
27/11/2018

15. Male Reproductive System
27/11/2018
Bladder
Sperm duct
Urethra
Testicles
Scrotum

16. Exercise 6: Label the Diagram
27/11/2018
Exercise 6: Label the Diagram
A. ______
Urethra
B. _____
Gland
C. __________
Sperm duct
D. ______
Testes
E. _________
Scrotal sac

17. The Menstrual Cycle
27/11/2018
In females one menstrual cycle takes place every month (28 days).
Occurs between puberty and the menopause.
Does not take place during pregnancy.

18. Ovulation ..is the release of an egg from the ovary every 28 days.
27/11/2018
..is the release of an egg from the ovary every 28 days.

19. The 4 Stages of the Menstrual Cycle:
27/11/2018
Day 1-5: Bleeding starts-When the lining of the uterus (built up from the last cycle) breaks down and passes out the vagina – “Having a period”
Day 6-13: New lining-the lining starts to build up again and thickens into a spongy layer of blood cells (needed for nourishment should the female become pregnant)
Day 14 (approx): An egg is released and lasts for around 3 days
Day 28: The lining stays thick awaiting the arrival of a fertilised egg. If one doesn’t come then the lining breaks down again. Cycle begins again.

20. Menstruation Situation 1 Situation 2
27/11/2018
Once every 28 DAYS an EGG is released from the ovaries.
It travels down the FALLOPIAN TUBE towards the womb.
Every month the walls of the womb thicken up in preparation in case the egg is FERTILISED.
Situation 1
If the egg is UNFERTILISED the walls of the womb break up and pass from the body through the VAGINA along with the egg. This is called the PERIOD and can last 3-4 DAYS.
Situation 2
after sex If the egg is fertilised then it EMBEDS itself in the uterus (womb) wall and will begin to develop into a new individual.

21. Day 11-16 of the menstrual cycle.
The Fertile Period
27/11/2018
Day of the menstrual cycle.
The days in the cycle when a female is most likely to become pregnant.
Sperm can stay alive in the female reproductive system for 3 days.

22. Fertilisation in Humans
27/11/2018
To put it simply, it’s an “egg and sperm race”…
Sperm
Egg

23. Fertilisation..
27/11/2018
..is the joining of the male and female sex cells to form a baby.
Sex cells (a.k.a. gamete) = egg (female) sperm (male)

24. Fertilisation
27/11/2018
The best chance for fertilisation is if intercourse happens when the egg is released
The fertilised egg (“embryo”) will then implant itself into the lining of the uterus

25. 27/11/2018
Fertilization

26. Implantation..
27/11/2018
..is the attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus.

27. Implantation: Embryo attaches to the lining of the womb Foetus
Sex cells (gametes) join to form a zygote
27/11/2018
Grows to form a embryo
Egg
Zygote
Sperm
Embryo
Fertilisation
Implantation: Embryo attaches to the lining of the womb
Foetus

28. Word Check–Reproduction Processes
27/11/2018
Word Check–Reproduction Processes

29. 27/11/2018
Reproductive System

30. From Embryo to Fetus – Animation
27/11/2018
From Embryo to Fetus – Animation

31. Inside the Womb Amniotic sac – protects the baby
27/11/2018
Amniotic sac – protects the baby
Umbilical cord – connects the baby to the mother
Placenta – allows the mother’s blood to come close to the baby’s to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes

32. 27/11/2018
The Placenta

33. From Embryo to Fetus – Activity
27/11/2018
From Embryo to Fetus – Activity

34. Giving birth
27/11/2018
The following events happen when a woman is about to give birth:
2) Muscles in the uterus wall start contracting to push the baby out
1) The amniotic sac bursts (“water breaking”)
3) The muscles in the cervix relax and widen

35. 27/11/2018
4. The afterbirth = after the baby is born the placenta and the umbilical cord are pushed out by contractions!

36. Exercise 7: Reproduction
1. How often is an ovum released from the ovaries?
2. How long does a period last?
3. What connects the ovaries to the uterus?
4. What happens to the uterus in preparation for a fertilised ovum?
5. How does the unfertilised ovum and the broken-down walls of the uterus leave the body?
Every 28 days.
3-4 days.
The oviduct.
The walls become thicker.
Through the vagina.
27/11/2018

37. Exercise 8: The Placenta
27/11/2018
The developing baby is connected to the mother by the _________ cord. This is attached to the wall of the uterus at the ________. The placenta is a dense network of blood vessels.
The placenta supplies the foetus with ______ and _____, whilst removing carbon dioxide and other waste products.
The foetus develops in a fluid called _______ fluid which acts as a shock absorber and prevents the foetus from getting bruised.
umbilical
placenta
oxygen
food
amniotic
amniotic oxygen placenta food umbilical