1. 4th Industrial Revolution
H.S.Srinivas Prasad , Ph.D., F.I.E.

2. India before 1947 India was part of the British Empire.
Railways were operational since 1853
Many road and goods vehicles were
animal driven
Most goods were imported from UK
Power generation was inadequate
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3. Industrial revolutions 1 and 2
Industry to 1840 – Industrial revolution introducing mechanical production; machines powered by water and steam; railways and steam engine in Europe
Industry to 1940 – Mass production powered by electricity and assembly line, largely in Europe and USA
India missed out on these revolutions
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4. 3rd Industrial revolution
Industry to Further progression in autonomous production through the use of electronics and IT (main frame computing with terminals, personal computers, portable digital assistants, Internet)
– India gradually industrialised especially after the 2nd Five-year Plan; computer-based systems were introduced in many spheres of economic activity after 1990
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5. National income of india
Net National Income (NNI), also known as national income (at current prices) is likely to be Rs trillion during It is the 6th largest economy in the world
The industry(manufacturing) sector has held a steady share of its conomic contribution (26% of GDP in 2013– 14).
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6. India’s per capita GDP India’s population in 2010: : 1.22 billion
Estimated population in 2018: billion
India's per capita income (nominal) was $1670 per year in 2016, ranked at 112th out of 164 countries by the World Bank, while its per capita income on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis was US$5,350, and ranked 106th
India's per capita income grew at a pace of 8.6 per c ent to Rs during year ended 31/3/2018
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7. MANUFACTURING IN INDIA
National Manufacturing policy , Nov 4, 2011
Objective is to enhance share of manufacturing in the economy
Create 100 million jobs over a decade
The Gross Value Added (GVA) from the manufacturing sector is estimated at US$ billion in FY18PE. Indian economy expanded 8.2% in the April-June quarter2018
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8. Major Manufacturing sectors
Petroleum products and Chemicals – 34% of export earnings
Pharmaceuticals.-
Engineering – largest subsector and the 3rd largest export earner
Gems and jewellery – contributes about 7% of India’s GDP
Textile – contributes 4% to country’s GDP
Pulp and Paper
Services – accounted for 57% of India’s GDP in 2012
Aviation – 4th
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9. INDUSTRY - 4
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10. Manufacturing information system
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11. Manufacturing information system
Product design
Inventory systems
Manufacturing-planning systems
Manufacturing-scheduling systems
Manufacturing operations systems – Simulation
Human Resources Information Systems
Accounting Information Systems
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12. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MANUFACTURING
CAD D(computer-aided design and drafting)
CAE (computer-aided engineering)
CAM (computer-aided manufacturing)
CAPP (computer-aided process planning)
CAQ (computer-aided quality assurance)
PPC (production planning and control)
ERP (enterprise resource planning)
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13. Computer aided engineering
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad usage of computer software to aid in engineering analysis tasks. It includes finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multibodydynamics (MBD), durabil ity and optimisation
Computer-aided design (CADD) is the use of computer systems (or workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design and to improve productivity of the designer
Computer software examples include
ANSYS and NASTRAN
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14. Computer aided DRAFTING
In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design automation (MDA) or computer-aided drafting (CAD), which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software such as Autocad.[4] CAD software is used to mprove communication through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.[2
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15. CAD software from autodesk
Modelling and drafting
AUTOCAD
Now includes specialised toolsets, the new AutoCAD web app and the AutoCAD mobile app.
Rs.66,749/year (Excludes tax)
PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING COLLECTION
Get AutoCAD + Inventor + more
Rs.91,177/year (Excludes tax)
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16. Cad in electronics
Electronic design automation (EDA), is also referred to as electronic computer-aided design(ECAD),[1] is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as integrated circuitsand printed circuit boards.
Altium offers Altium Designer, CircuitStudio and CircuitMaker.
Cadence offers Allegro and OrCAD.
CadSoft offers EAGLE Design Software.
Mentor Graphics offers Xpedition and PADS PCB Design software.
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17. CAD standards Computer Gra;phics Standards
GKS; is an ANSI and ISO standard, device independent and host system independent
VDI (virtual device interface) – lowest device independent interface in a graphics system
IGES – Inditial graphics exchange specification – enables exchane of model databases among CAD systems
and others
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18. cad/cam/cim
CAD/CAM system is a computer interactive graphics system with software to integrate design and manufacturing functions
CAM includes process planning, NC part planning and other engineering functions as well as inventory control, production scheduling, production monitoring etc.
CIM includes all engineering functions of CAD/CAM, but also includes firms’ business functions
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19. Computer Numerical control
Components
Programme
Machine Control Unit (MCU)
Processing equipment
NC COORDINATE SYSTEMS
To define position of work head relative to work part
3 linear axes x, y and z in Cartesian Coordinate System
Rotational axes a, b and c about x, y and z
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20. NC – motion control system
Used to control movement of the work head (or work part), to discrete points or along linear or curved path. Interpolation methods are used to define the curvilinear path. Accuracy is mantained withn specified tolerances
Acceleration and deceleration calculations to control feed rates of work head
Communication interface
Diagnostics
Distributed numerical control
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21. Typical nc machines
NC lathe, either horizontal or vertical axis for straight turning or contour turning
NC boring mill, horizontal or vertical spindle
NC drill press
NC milling machine
NC cylindrical grinder
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22. 4th Industrial revolution
INDUSTRY – 4 Is based on the technological concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services.
Over the Internet of Things, Cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and humans in real time.
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23. 4th Industrial revolution
Via the Internet of Services, both internal and cross organisational services are offered and utilized by participants of the value chain.
Within the modular structured Smart Factories of Industrie 4.0, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions.
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24. cyber-physical system (CPS)
A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a system of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities.
CPS are physical and engineered systems whose operation are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core. They allow us to add capabilities to physical systems
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25. Industrie 4.0 Design Principles
Interoperability The ability of CPS to connect and communicate with each other via IOT and IOS
Virtualisation : A virtual copy of the Smart Factory which is created by linking sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with virtual plant models and simulation models
Decentralisation The ability of CPS within Smart Factories to make decisions on their own
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26. Industrie 4.0 Design Principles
Real-Time capability the capability to collect and analyze data and provide the insights immediately
Service Orientation offering of services (of cyber-physical systems, humans and Smart Factories) via the Internet of Services.
Modularity: flexible adaptation of Smart Factories for changing requirements of individual modules
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27. Industrie 4.0, Builds on – Digital Revolution Ubiquitous internet
Smaller and powerful sensors
Artificial Intelligence
Machine learning
Labour and Energy cost
Robotics
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28. Industrie 4.0, building blocks
Autonomous Robots
Big data analytics
Simulation
Indust ry 4.0
Augmented reality
Horizontal and vertical system integration
Additive Mfg
Industrial Internet of Things
Cyber Security
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29. Industrie 4.0 Impacts all aspects of value chain
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30. Approaches to Industry- 4.0
Horizontal Integration of different information systems applied to production planning and process control
Vertical Integration – Integration of information at different hierarchical levels
Integrated digital engineering – collection and exchange of production data – leads to reduction of large amount of production data accumulated throughout the life cycle
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31. internet of THINGS
The term IOT dates back more than 15 years and has been attributed to the work of the Auto-ID Labs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on networked radio-frequency identification (RFID)
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for instance now defines the Internet of Things as ‘‘a global infrastructure for the Information Society
IoT solutions are increasingly extending to virtually all areas of everyday.
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32. internet of things Connect both inanimate and living things
Use sensors for data collection. Each sensor will monitor a specific condition such as location, vibration, motion and temperature
The connection of physical things to the Internet makes it possible to access remote sensor data and to control the physical world from a distance.
An IP-based network will help businesses deliver the performance, reliability and interoperability that are required to support global IoT networks and connections with partner ecosystems.
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33. Internet of things
A smart object, which is the building block of the Internet of Things, is just another name for an embedded system that is connected to the Internet.
The RFID technology, requires the attachment of a smart low-cost electronic ID-tag to a product such that the identity of a product can be decoded from a distance. By putting more intelligence into the ID tag, the tagged thing becomes a smart object. 
sensor(s) and radio(s) that often sits in the machine, a M2M device-management platform
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34. internet of THINGS
The most prominent areas of application include, e.g., the smart industry, where the development of intelligent production systems and connected production sites is often discussed under the heading of Industrie 4.0
In the smart home or building area, intelligent thermostats and security systems are receiving a lot of attention, while smart energy applications focus on smart electricity, gas and water meters. Smart transport solutions include, e.g., vehicle fleet tracking and mobile ticketing
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35. internet of THINGS
At the connectivity layer, communication protocols such as MQTT enable the communication between the individual thing and the cloud. And at the IoT cloud layer, device communication and management software is used to communicate with, provision, and manage the connected things, while an application platform enables the development and execution of IoT applications.
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36. internet of THINGS
IoT-enabled objects will share information about their condition and the surrounding environment with people, software systems and other machines. This information can be shared in real time or collected and shared at defined intervals
Firms must build a data collection and analytics strategy that supports this new torrent of information in a scalable and cost effective manner. Big data technology, such as Hadoop and NoSQL, can give companies the ability to rapidly collect, store and analyze large volumes of disparate IoT data.
A solution delivery platform and apps that enable IoT devices to report or act on data.
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37. Internet of things
Ultimately, IoT application software coordinates the interaction of people, systems and things for a given purpose. In addition, cutting across all layers, software components manage identity and security aspects, as well as the integration with business systems, e.g., for ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) or CRM, (Customer Relationship Management) and with external information sources
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38. Internet of things
Machine-to-Machine communications and intelligence drawn from the devices and the network will allow businesses to automate certain basic tasks without depending on central or cloud based applications and services
The Internet of Things will help a business gain efficiencies, harness intelligence from a wide range of equipment, improve operations and increase customer satisfaction.
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39. Internet of services
The global computer network is transformed into a concourse of software modules that can easily be combined to form higher-grade services because they use standardized interfaces.
An online marketplace that can supply and combine services for everyone.
Following are connected to Internet of Services:
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40. IP Address - ipv6
IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It became an Internet Standard on 14 July 2017
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address and provides for a very large number of addresses. 
IPv6 addresses are represented as eight groups of four hexa-decimall digits with the groups being separated by colons, for example 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334,
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41. Cloud computing
Cloud computing is the the use of various services, such as software development platforms, servers, storage and software, over the internet, often referred to as the "cloud."
In general, there are three cloud computing characteristics that are common among all cloud-computing vendors:
The back-end of the application (especially hardware) is completely managed by a cloud vendor.
A user only pays for services used (memory, processing time and bandwidth, etc.).
Services are scalable
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42. Robotics
An industrial Robot is a general purpose programmable machine possessing certain anthropomorphic characteristics such as a mechanical arm to perform various industrial tasks
A robot can respond to sensory inputs, communicate with other machines and make decisions
Robot movement is done with a controller, which is becoming increasingly intelligent with capacity to interact with the environment
Robots may be used in hazardous situations such as in welding, material transfer, machine loading, spray painting and assembly; Robot assisted production
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43. Artificial intelligence
AI traditionally refers to an artificial creation of human-like intelligence that can learn, reason, plan, perceive, or process natural language. AI is an Internet enabled technology.
Machine Learning: Instead of programming the computer every step of the way, machine learning makes use of learning algorithms that make inferences from data to learn new tasks.
Innovation, made possible through the Internet, has brought AI closer to our everyday lives. 
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44. Artificial intelligence
The collection of “Big Data” and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), has made a perfect environment for new AI applications and services to grow. Applications based on AI are already visible in healthcare diagnostics, targeted treatment, transportation, public safety, service robots, education and entertainment, but will be applied in more fields in the coming years. Together with the Internet, AI changes the way we experience the world 
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45. Artificial intelligence
Computer algorithms organize enormous amounts of data into information and services, based on certain instructions and rules. It’s an important concept to understand, because in machine learning, learning algorithms – not computer programmers – create the rules.
This means computers can be used for new, complicated tasks that could not be manually programmed. Things like photo recognition applications for the visually impaired, or translating pictures into speech. [6]
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46. Artificial intelligence
The basic process of machine learning is to give training data to a learning algorithm. The learning algorithm then generates a new set of rules, based on inferences from the data. This is in essence generating a new algorithm, formally referred to as the machine learning model.
By using different training data, the same learning algorithm could be used to generate different models.
… … to be continued
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47. Conclusions and recommendations
India is still in its infancy insofar as infrastructure
is concerned. Digital India is a castle in the air.
India does not make computer processors
It has not developed an operating system for the
computers it uses
Major application software are imported.
India should address these issues on a war footing before it tries to launch Industry – 4 before using the Internet for strategically sensitive applications.
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48. eÁÕ£ÀA C£ÀAvÀA Gnanam Anantham … … … To be continued INDUSTRY - 4
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49. Thanks to Mr.M Chinnaswamy, FIE, Chairman
Mr. B.V.Ravindranath MIE, Honorary Secretary
Mr.K.B.Bhaskar, MIE, Convenor
All the authors who contributed to articles on the
Internet referred to
And to all of you, who patiently listened to me.
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50. Further reading
India 2016
Ibrahim Zeid and Sivasubramanian, R, “CAD/CAM Theory and Practice, Special Indian Edition”, McGraw Hill Inc , 2009
Mikell P. Groover, CAD/CAM 2003
Mikell P. Groover, “Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing”, Fourth Edition, 2016
Serope Kelpakjian and Steven R. Schmidt, “Manufacturing Engineering and Technology “ 7th Edition,  2018
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51. Further reading
Kopetz H. (2011) Internet of Things. In: Real-Time Systems. Real-Time Systems Series. Springer, Boston, MA
Felix Wortmann • Kristina Flu¨chter, “Internet of Things Technology and Value Added”, httwww.alexandria.unisg.ch/252999/1/s pdf
Feng Xia1,*,†, Laurence T. Yang2, Lizhe Wang3 and Alexey Vinel, “Internet of Things”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Int. J. Commun. Syst. 2012; 25:1101–1102 Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: /dac.2417ps://
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52. Further reading
David B. Arnold and Peter R. Bono:, ‘Introduction to Computer Graphics” Standards”, Springer
Hillier and Lieberman: “Introduction to Operations Research”, McGraw Hill Book Co
Dan W Patterson, “Introdu ction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems”, Prentice Hall of India
Umang, IoT & IoE: A technical Review, CSI Communications, Vol 41, Issue No. 4, July 2017
Neelam Jha, “Sensors for Internet of Everything”, CSI Communications, Vol 42, Issue No. 1, April 8
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53. Further reading
Dharmendra Patel, “Sensors based Internet of Everything Applications and related issues”, CSI Communications, volume no. 42, Issue no. 2
andromeda.rutgers.edu/~dupre/604su08/604su08pp/CE09.ppt
  terminology/push-pull-manufacturing.htmlCE09.ppt
By Siyuwj - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, /
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54. Further reading
nds/iot/introduction_to_IoT_november.pdf
software
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Policy Paper Internet Society, 17/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning- policy-paper
aided_design
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