1. In which bone is the obturator foramen located?
a. os coxa
b. femur
c. sacrum
d. coccyx
Answer: a

2. Paranasal sinuses serve what purposes?
a. provide a superior and posterior boundary of the nasal complex
b. provide the lateral and inferior boundaries of the nasal complex
c. pull mucus back toward the throat
d. lighten the skull bones and provide an extensive area of mucous epithelium
Answer: d

3. The axial skeleton contains the bones of the ___.
a. pelvic girdle and limb bones
b. pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
c. skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
d. both B and C
Answer: c

4. How can you distinguish between true ribs and false ribs?
a. True ribs attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilage.
b. True ribs are entirely bony.
c. False ribs are not part of the thoracic cage.
d. True ribs are attached only to the sternum.
Answer: a

5. a. superior articular processes b. pedicles c. transverse processes
When you run your finger along a person’s spine, what part of the vertebrae are you feeling just beneath their skin?
a. superior articular processes
b. pedicles
c. transverse processes
d. spinous processes
Answer: d

6. a. second cervical vertebra; posterior neck
Joe suffered a hairline fracture at the base of the dens. Which bone is fractured, and where is it located?
a. second cervical vertebra; posterior neck
b. first cervical vertebra; posterior neck
c. occipital bone; posterior base of skull
d. sacrum; posterior pelvis
Answer: a

7. The secondary curves of the spine are the _______.
a. lumbar and thoracic
b. cervical and sacral
c. lumbar and sacral
d. cervical and lumbar
Answer: d

8. a. Vertebrae are absorbed as adult stature is reached.
Why does the vertebral column of an adult have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?
a. Vertebrae are absorbed as adult stature is reached.
b. Newborns require more support in the cervical region.
c. The sacrum and coccyx fuse post-puberty.
d. Vertebrae are formed that later become ribs.
Answer: c