1. تحقیقات عملیاتی دکتر نگین مسعودی علوی
Action Research
تحقیقات عملیاتی
دکتر نگین مسعودی علوی
Kashan University of Medical Science

2. Action Research Roots در سال های 1940 در آمریکا ریشه گرفت
هدف آن ایجاد تغییر در رفتارهای سازمانی با استفاده از اصول علمی و تحقیقاتی بود

3. What is action research?
تحقیق عملیاتی مجموعه ای از روش های تحقیقاتی است که هدف آن اجرای تحقیق و تغییر (درک) بطور هم زمان است

4. خصوصیات تحقیق عملیاتی تحقیق جهت یافتن راه حل های عملی برای مشکلات عملی
مشارکت بین محققین و دست اندرکاران
اجرای تغییر در عمل
انعکاس و اجرای دورهای
ایجاد تئوری های محلی

5. تفاوت با سایر روش های تحقیقاتی
هدف حل مشکل است. در تحقیقات دیگر با جواب یه سوالات تحقیق فرآیند متوقف می شود.
جنبه مشارکتی دارد و محقق بیشتر نقش هماهنگ کننده را دارد.
THE THEORY & PRACTICE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT 3rd Edition, John Hayes, Palgrave, 2010

6. 5 مرحله تحقیق عملیاتی تعریف مشکل برنامه عملیاتی جمع آوری اطلاعات
تجزیه تحلیل اطلاعات
برنامه برای اقدامات بعدی

7. The Dialectic Action Research Plan
Mills, G. E. (2003). Action Research: A guide for the teacher researcher, 2nd ed. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill Prentice Hall.
Identify an Area of Focus
Develop an Action Plan
Collect Data
Analyze and Interpret Data

8. Action Research Is Cyclical

10. The most important property of ACTION RESEARCH
is the constant interplay between action and reflection.
This Diagram was taken from the article:
What a GAS! Action research as a peer support process for postgraduate students by Dr. Kath Fisher, James Bennett-Levy und Ros Irwinpdf version of Southern Cross University, Lismoree, N.S.W., Australia.

11. Action Research Overview
Pre Planning: Identification of Need
1. Develop/Review Student Learning Expectations
2. Examine alignment of learning expectations with assessments
3. Review assessment data
4. Identify areas of need based on assessment
Plan:
1. Describe the current process for addressing the identified area of need (flow chart)
2. Review data to determine baseline performance in the specific area identified
(Run Chart/Pareto Diagram)
3. Identify potential root causes contributing to the identified area of need
(Cause & Effect Diagram, 5 Why’s, Relations Diagram)
4. Study research-based best practice/improvement theory addressing areas of need
Action Research
Overview DO
1. Plan for implementation of improvement theory (Force Field Analysis, Action Plan)
2. Implement research-based best practices improvement theory based on root causes according to the Action Plan
3. Monitor the implementation of research-based best practice/improvement theory to insure integrity and fidelity 4. Assess student learning
Act:
1. Standardize the implementation of research-based best practice (improvement theory) that improved student learning (revise the flow chart to reflect changes made to the system)
2. If improvement theory was unsuccessful continue the PDSA cycle (try another improvement theory based on the next identified root causes)
Study:
1. Examine student assessment results (compare to baseline)
2. Assess the impact of research-based best practice/improvement theory on student achievement

12. وقتی تحقیق عملیاتی را برای افراد توضیح می دهیم اغلب بیان می کنند که در حال حاضر آن را انجام می دهند و تا حدی نیز حرف آنها درست است. خیلی از مواقع ما اقداماتی را انجام می دهیم و نتیجه عملکردمان را مرور می کنیم. با این حال اغلب این کار را بصورت مرتب و با دید انتقادی و سیستماتیک انجام نمی دهیم.

13. مرحله اول: مشکل را تعریف کنید
به چه اطلاعاتی نیاز داریم
چه متغیرهایی نیاز داریم با تعاریف دقیق و واضح
اطلاعات چند بعدی
Write definitions of what you will really focus on in the study.

14. مرحله دوم: سوالات تحقیق طرح شوند
What are your specific questions?
What are you really going to focus on?
Help focus the data collection plan
Help validate that you have a workable way to proceed with your investigation

15. اعضای گروه تحقیق عملیاتی مشخص شوند
Who will you be working with?
Why are they important?
What will be each person’s roles/responsibilities?

16. چه تعهدات و رایزنی هایی باید انجام شود
What negotiations do you have to undertake with others to implement your action research plan?
How will you get access to the site?
Do you need permission? From whom? How will you get it?

17. Who will be doing what and when?*
برنامه زمانی مشخص شود
Who will be doing what and when?*
*Hint: Work backwards in time!
Phase 1 (July-Nov): Identity area focus, review literature develop research questions, reconnaissance.
Phase 2 (date-date)…
Phase 3 (date-date)…
(July-Nov) (date) (date)
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

18. چگونه اطلاعات جمع آوری شود
What kind of data will provide you the evidence you need?
From what source will you get it?
Naturally occurring data:
test scores, attendance records, writing samples, portfolios, anecdotal records,...
Other types of data:
interviews, surveys, questionnaires, videotapes, audiotapes, maps, photos, observations,…

19. مرحله سوم: فاصله وضعیت موجود با وضعیت مطلوب چگونه است؟

20. مرحله چهارم: چه قسمت هایی نیاز به تغییر و مداخله دارد
Level
Student
Peer
Teachers
School Climate and Policies
Family
Community

21. مرحله پنجم: چه مداخلاتی را انجام می دهید
Identify Possible Interventions
Individual Interventions
Systemic Interventions
Align with Evidence Base
Identify Community Resources
Identify Possible Roadblocks and Resistance
Write Action Plan

22. مرحله ششم: نتایج مداخلات را ارزیابی کنید
Formative Evaluation—Process
Monitor Implementation
Correct Problems
Summative Evaluation
Perceptual Data
Results Data

23. WARNING:
ACTION RESEARCH
I need a new
mindset
(modified)

24. How we envision Action Research

25. Flow Charts
--> Students enjoy using this tool because it displays a picture of the process and makes is understandable.

26. Flow Chart - A picture of any process
- Drawn with standard symbols representing different types of activities
- Different styles available:
- Deployment
- Process

27. Flow Chart

28. 1. Define the process boundaries (starting point / stopping point).
Deployment Flow Chart
How is it made?
1. Define the process boundaries (starting point / stopping point).
2. Describe the process in operation.
3. Draw the People Coordinate.
4. List major steps in the process.
5. Draw the flow chart, using symbols
6. Study the flow chart.

29. Task Make a Decision Start Conduct a Meeting Report Out End of Process
Yes No
Task
Make a Decision
Start
Conduct a
Meeting
Report Out
End of Process