1. The Muscular System
Biology 10 BCC

2. The Muscular System
Definition: Is a tough group of tissues that make your body parts move.
Fact: You have over 600 major muscles in the body and they work the same way. Over 50 of those muscles are in your face alone. It takes 17 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
The strongest muscle in your body is the masseter muscle, located on each side of the mouth.
Your most active muscles are those in your eyes. They move more than 100,000 times a day.

3. 5 Properties of Muscles Excitable or irritable
Muscles receive and respond to stimuli

4. Muscles Work in Pairs
They work in Pairs either contracting (shortening) or extending (lengthening).
Ex. Bicep contracts (flex) while Triceps extend
They are elastic and return to normal resting shape

5. Muscles are adaptable
hypertrophy-over using the muscle causes it to enlarge
Atrophy-not using the muscle causes it to waste away

6. Views of the Body
Anterior View Posterior View

8. Muscle Movements
Abduction vs adduction

9. Muscle Movement
Flexion vs extension

10. Movement
Rotation

11. Three Types of Muscle
Smooth Muscles: Are found in various organs in the body, such as the stomach and the intestines. You have no control over these muscles.

12. Three Types of Muscle
Skeletal Muscle: These muscles are attached to a bone, which allows the skeleton to move. For example you can make your arms and legs move whenever you want to. Voluntary.

13. Three Types of Muscles
Cardiac Muscle: Only found in the walls of the heart. Cardiac muscles are constantly contracting and relaxing, pumping blood to all parts of the body.

14. Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue, usually found attached to the skeleton, consists of long, straight multinucleated cells with bands, or “striations.” Skeletal muscle is under voluntary, conscious control.
Smooth muscle tissue is made of spindle-shaped cells containing a single nucleus. Smooth muscle surrounds hollow internal structures, including the stomach, intestines, arteries and veins. Because of the diagonal arrangement of parallel filaments of actin and myosin proteins, smooth muscle has a greater capacity than other muscle types to be stretched while retaining the ability to contract. Both smooth and cardiac muscle are considered involuntary since they generally are not under our conscious control.
Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the heart and has several attributes in common with both skeletal and smooth muscle. It has striations or banding like skeletal muscle but is under involuntary control like smooth muscle.
References:
Raven, P.H. & Johnson, G.B. (2002). Biology, (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Image References:
LifeART. (1998). Super Anatomy Collection 1-9. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, All rights reserved.

15. Three Types of Muscles

16. Types of Muscle Movement
Involuntary – You cannot control
Smooth Muscle
Voluntary- You Control
Striated Muscle

17. Support structures Tendons-attach muscle to bone
Fascia-attach muscles to other muscles

18. Human Muscular System Diagram
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachi
Gluteus maximus
Rectus femoris
Gastrocnemius
Human Muscular System
There are more than 600 voluntary muscles in the body, the strongest of which are the skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles account for approximately 23% of a woman’s weight and approximately 40% of a man’s. Muscles work together to accomplish even simple movements.
References:
Clark, J.O.E. (Ed.). (1989). A Visual Guide to the Human Body. Barnes & Noble Books.
Raven, P.H., & Johnson, G.B. (2002). Biology, (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Image References:
LifeART. (1998). Super Anatomy Collection 1-9. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, All rights reserved.

19. Parts of the Muscular System

20. Parts of the Muscular System Trapezius Muscle

21. Parts of the Muscular System Latisimus Dorsi Muscle

22. Parts of the Muscular System Bicep & Tricep

23. Calf Muscles Gastrocnemius & Soleus Muscle

24. Achilles Tendon

25. Extensor Muscles

26. Flexor Muscles

27. Major Pectoral

28. Abdominal Muscles
Abdominal Muscles Internal Obliques External Obliques

29. The Quadriceps

30. Anterior Tibialis

31. Parts of the Muscular System
Latissimus Dorsi
Deltoid
Trapezius
Extensors
Triceps
Gluteals
Hamstring
Achille’s Tendon
Soleus
Gastrocnemius

32. The Muscular System Major Pectoral Biceps Flexors Sartorius Quadriceps
Abdominals

33. Problems of The Muscular System
Pulled or Torn Muscle
Treatment: Medical Help
Strain: Soreness due to overwork
Treatment: Rest, ice or heat

34. Problems of The Muscular System
Tendonitis: Stretched or torn tendon.
Treatment: Rest and ice to possible surgery
Cramp: Muscle unable to relax; feels tight and sore
Treatment: Massage / Drink fluids/electrolyte replacement

35. Problems of The Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy: Weakening of the skeletal muscles, eventually inability to walk or stand.
Treatment: No Cure

36. The Skeletal / Muscular System Test Questions
Latissimus Dorsi
Deltoid
Trapezius
Extensors
Triceps
Gluteals
Hamstring
Achille’s Tendon
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Major Pectoral
Biceps
Flexors
Sartorius
Quadriceps
Abdominals