1. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.170
Figure 4 3D printing and modelling for transcatheter mitral and pulmonary valve implantation
Figure 4 | 3D printing and modelling for transcatheter mitral and pulmonary valve implantation. a | Fusion of computer-aided design (CAD)-mitral valve models and physical models can be useful in challenging cases of transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation, such as mitral annular calcifications. Valve implantation can be virtually tested not only on-screen, but also with physical 3D model anatomy to confirm sizing and to estimate risk of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. b–d | Modelling and 3D printing of the right ventricular outflow tract for a patient-specific transcatheter pulmonary valve development. In panel b, superimposed diastolic (red) and systolic (green) 3D volume reconstructions show that the pulmonary trunk has maximal dimensions in systole, while the underlying right ventricular outflow tract is at its smallest dimension. Panel c shows the finite element model of the contact between the stent graft (white) and the patient anatomy during systole (green). Panel d shows a plastic rapid prototype model of the patient anatomy with the final device inserted. TMVR, transcatheter mitral valve replacement. Panel a is reprinted from Wang, D. D. et al. Predicting LVOT obstruction after TMVR. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging (2016) with permission from Elsevier. Panels b–d are reprinted from Schievano, S. et al. First-in-man implantation of a novel percutaneous valve: a new approach to medical device development. EuroIntervention 5, 745–750 (2010) with permission from Europa Edition.
Panel a is reprinted from Wang, D. D. et al. Predicting LVOT obstruction after TMVR. JACC Cardiovasc.
Imaging j.jcmg (2016) with permission from Elsevier.
Panels b–d are reprinted from Schievano, S. et al. First‑in‑man implantation of a novel percutaneous valve:
a new approach to medical device development. EuroIntervention 5, 745–750 (2010) with permission from Europa Edition
Giannopoulos, A. A. et al. (2016) Applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular diseases
Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio