1. The “ex-slave was not a free man; he was a free Negro.”
economic, social, political and civil rights restrictions for former slaves
Black Codes become Jim Crow Laws

2. Black Political Participation in Reconstruction
Between :
14 Blacks served in the U.S. HofR
6 served as LT. Governors
600 served in southern state legislatures
However when Reconstruction ends white southerners push African Americans out of govt

3. After Reconstruction Ended in 1877
Southern White Democrats reclaimed
state govts & instituted laws subjecting
Blacks to 2nd class citizens = White Redeemers

4. Disenfranchisement Methods in the South after Reconstruction:
Literacy Tests
Disenfranchisement Methods in the South after Reconstruction:

5. Poll Tax
Many Southern states adopted a poll tax in the late 1800s. This meant that even though the 15th Amendment gave former slaves the right to vote, many poor people, both blacks and whites, did not have enough money to vote
1964 the 24th Amendment, President Lyndon Johnson noted that: "There can be no one too poor to vote."

6. Grandfather Clause
To reinstate white voters who may have failed literacy tests or couldn’t pay poll tax, if your grandfather voted you could vote
Problem for Southern poor white Democrats because kept poor whites away so clause said if you fail literacy test & can’t pay tax but your grandfather voted then you can vote.

7. Rise of Segregation Exodusters =
Mid-1870’s former slave convinced Blacks they would never be given a chance to get ahead in South & urged them to move west esp. Kansas. (50,000)

9. Ida B. Wells -Born in MS 1862 into slavery
-family died of yellow fever
-attended Fisk University in TN
-started teaching
-fired when she wrote editorials about underfunded Black schools in TN
1892 three of her black friends were lynched when they tried to compete w/ white grocery store
She wrote about it & was threatened.
Unable to return to TN
Helped form NAACP
Began a anti-lynching campaign

10. 2 Opposing views on how to fight for civil rights for Blacks
W.E.B. DuBois
( )
-born in MA
-could pass as white
-went to Fisk Univ in TN
_1st Black to receive PhD from Harvard
-helped form NAACP

11. W.E.B. DuBois
Belief:
-Blacks should seek education so attempt to seek inclusion into American life
-immediate approach (fight for rights now)
-called for Talented 10th

12. Booker T. Washington -born into slavery in VA
-worked in coal mines & salt furnaces
-quit to attend Hampton Instit. In VA
-walked 200 m & worked janitor duties while sleeping under board walk to pay for school
-became a teacher
-founded Tuskegee Institute for Blacks

13. Washington’s Views Atlanta Compromise Speech =
-urged Blacks to accept position for now & raise themselves up through vocational training
-When achieve economic equality then fight for rights
-Gradual approach
-Whites approved
Econ + Educ = equality
Primary Source group work

14. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
-U.S. Supreme Court approved officially segregated facilities
-Separate but Equal
-States could separate races by providing equal facilities
-No enforcement of Equal facilities

15. Great Migration: the movement of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from rural areas in the South to urban areas in both he North and South.

16. Causes
Red Summer of 1919
There were 25 major race riots and at least 83 African Americans were lynched.
The Ku Klux Klan held over 200 meeting to increase enrollment.
In response to the gains by African Americans, many whites fought back during the summer of 1919.