2. Unit 7: Africa Topic: Africa and Imperialism
Content Objective: Describe Africa’s interaction with imperialism/colonialism and how it affected the countries and people.

3. Foreign History

4. Greeks controlled Egypt after conquest by Alexander the Great
Ptolemaic dynasty
Romans ruled all areas along the Mediterranean coastline, including northern Africa
Arab traders converted many Africans to Islam from the 7th century
Source of slaves for the Americas
Little interest in the interior

5. The “Dark” Continent Terminology people of Africa
their alleged ignorance
Possible anecdote: Review of African cultures and civilizations, such as Mansa Musa and Great Zimbabwe.

6. The Scramble for Africa

7. Mid-1800s
Missionaries and explorers sparked foreign interest in Africa

8. David Livingstone Scottish missionary
– lived in central Africa
Explored Africa
Named Lake Victoria after the British queen
Converted many Africans to Christianity
Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign interest
1871 – reported “lost”

9. Henry Stanley Welsh-American reporter
“Found” Dr. Livingstone in Africa
“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”
Explored Africa
Congo River
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Victoria
Worked with Belgium’s King Leopold II and his African colonization company
International African Society

10. King Leopold II Took over land in central Africa
“millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be at the dawn of a better era”
Created European race for African colonies
“Scramble for Africa”
Diamonds, foodstuffs, gold, ivory, rubber

11. Karl Peters German explorer Organized for Germany’s colonial expansion
Society for German Colonization
Acquired German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania)
Convinced Otto von Bismarck to take over German East Africa and increase Germany’s colonies in Africa

12. Cecil Rhodes British businessman and politician in southern Africa
Made a fortune from African diamond mines
Established South African Company
Land later became Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
Architect of British imperialism in southern Africa
Great Britain became leading colonial power in southern Africa

13. Traditional agriculture to work for European companies
Some worked on rubber plantations or in copper mines
Others built railroads to bring these natural resources to ports, where they could be shipped to Europe and used in factories

14. Drawing Borders

15. Berlin Conference
1884
European countries decided they could claim African colonies just by setting up government offices in African territory

17. British 1902 Union of South Africa Created in 1910
Included Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Natal, and Transvaal
Self-government

18. French Algeria Tunis Morocco Madagascar Somaliland West Africa Sudan
France controlled 3,250,000 square miles in Africa
14 times the area of France
France ruled 30,000,000 Africans
75% of the population of France

19. Germans Togoland (now Togo and Ghana)
Cameroons (now Cameroon and Nigeria)
Southwest Africa (now Namibia)
East Africa (now Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania)

20. Italians 1882-1896 1912 Eritrea (along the Red Sea)
Somaliland (along the Indian Ocean, part of today’s Somalia)
1912
Won Tripoli from Ottoman Turks

21. Belgians Congo Free State (today’s Democratic Republic of Congo)
80 times the size of Belgium
Source of uranium

22. Portugal
Angola
Mozambique

23. Spaniards

24. Africans By 1914 Only 2 independent African countries
Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
Liberia

26. Africans Fight Back

27. “I have listened to your words but can find no reason why I should obey you – I would rather die first… If you desire friendship, then I am ready for it, today and always. But I cannot be your subject. If you desire war, then I am ready.” Chief Machemba (1890)

29. “That until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned:
That until there are no longer first-class and second class citizens of any nation;
That until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes;
That until the basic human rights are equally guaranteed to all without regard to race;
That until that day, the dream of lasting peace and world citizenship and the rule of international morality will remain but a fleeting illusion, to be pursued but never attained…”

30. Every country independent