1. MOTOR SKILL learning

2. Psychological Aspects
Physical Aspects
Psychological Aspects
Stages of Learning
Classification of Skills
Types of Practice
Factors Affecting Learning
Self-Talk
Visualisation
Mental Rehearsal
Routines
Arousal Control
Goal Setting
Confidence
Concentration

4. CLASSIFICATION OF SKILLS
PURPOSE: This allows us to figure out …
1. How precise a movement is
2. Whether the movement has a definitive beginning and end
3. Whether the environment affects the performance of a skill

5. vrs GROSS FINE 1. How precise a movement is
Involves movements of large muscles
Not very precise
Includes fundamental movement patterns such as walking, running, jumping
vrs
FINE
Involves intricate movements using small muscle groups
Precise movement
High hand-eye coordination

6. 2. Whether the movement has a definite beginning and end
Single, specific skills with a clear beginning and end
The actions in a variety of sports such as hitting and kicking
DISCRETE
SERIAL
A group of discrete skills strung together to make up a complex movement
Such as Triple Jump
CONTINUOUS
Have no obvious beginning and end
The skill is repeated like a cycle and can be started or stopped at any time
Such as Swimming, Cycling

7. 3. Whether the environment affects the performance of a skill
OPEN
Skills where the environment is constantly changing
Movements need to be continually adapted
Skills are based on perception
ARE EXTERNALLY PACED
vrs
CLOSED
Take place in a stable predictable environment
Skills are not affected by the environment
Movements have a clear beginning and end
Skills are based on habit
ARE SELF PACED

8. TYPES OF PRACTICE Physical Aspects:
PURPOSE: To understand and apply the best type of practice according to skill level
These include:
Massed vrs Distributed
Whole vrs Part
Drill vrs Problem Solving

9. TYPES OF PRACTICE vrs MASSED DISTRIBUTED Physical Aspects:
The skill is practiced without a break until the skill is developed.
It is suitable when the skill is simple, motivation is high, purpose is to practice a skill or the athletes are experienced
ASSOCIATIVE/AUTONOMOUS
vrs
DISTRIBUTED
Involves practicing with breaks whilst developing the skill.
It is suitable when the skill is new or complex, fatigue could result in injury or motivation is low.
COGNITIVE/AUTONOMOUS

12. FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING
Age - Refers to the readiness for learning.
Sex - Differences in interest and physique
Inherited characteristics – Attributes
Level of Ability - Co-ordination & balance
Intelligence - Mental ability of learning a new skill.
Previous experiences - Specific to activity
Motivation - Desire to learn.

13. OTHER FACTORS: Type of Instruction Retention Transfer of learning
Mental/Physical rehearsal
Type of learning
Feedback

14. Psychological Aspects:
SELF TALK
PURPOSE: The way we talk to ourselves either enhances or hurts our performance.
Positive Self Talk
NEGAtive Self Talk
Provides more energy to an athlete
Helps to maintain self- confidence during difficult times
It is like talking to your best friend
Negative thoughts tell the body that something is wrong.
In response, the body goes into a defensive mode and performance suffers.

15. WHEN COACHING YOUR ATHLETE THINK ABOUT: Knowledge of Performance
FEEDBACK
WHEN COACHING YOUR ATHLETE THINK ABOUT:
The different forms of feedback that can be given and received with performance. These are:
Internal
External
Knowledge of Results
Knowledge of Performance
Positive
Negative

16. INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Internal (or intrinsic) feedback is information received from the senses. This helps athletes develop a feel for a movement which allows them to distinguish between a skilled or less skilled performance.
External (or extrinsic) feedback is information received from external sources (outside the body) such as the crowd reaction, opposition, coach, replays/taped performances, results etc

17. Knowledge of Performance
RESULTS
Knowledge of Results
Knowledge of results suggests how successful the skill was performed, and comes from an external source. This could include a coach discussing the outcome of a performance with the athlete such as did the ball go in.
Knowledge of Performance
Knowledge of performance is information received about how well a skill was performed. It may be internal or external.

18. Positive Feedback - When a skill is performed correctly giving a successful outcome. The player then knows what to repeat for the next time that they do that particular action. (Good for beginners) Negative Feedback - This is more than just picking out a weakness in the players game. It includes what the player should do to correct the fault. This feedback must be used carefully because it can easily demotivate the player.