1. Chapter 3
CELLS

2. State Standard
3) Examine the structures, components, and functions of a typical cell, and explain their actions in movement across cell membranes such as diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis. Predict abnormalities that can occur with disorders of cell structures from professional journals or textbooks.

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Objective
Students will be able to….
Examine the parts that make up a human cell and how it functions through completion of a cell model.
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Cell Videos
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CELL MEMBRANE
Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane
The cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment and neighboring cells
The cell membrane regulates the transport of molecules into and out of the cell
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NUCLEUS
The nucleus is the most important organelle within the body
The nucleus contains DNA and protein arranged in a loose state called chromatin
Located within the nucleus are nucleoli which contain ribosomes and protein
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CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm is the semifluid material in which life functions take place
Define the following organelles in your notes p. 31
Organelles within the cytoplasm:
Centrosome - Lysosomes
Centrioles - Perioxisomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria - Pinocytic Vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
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CELL DIVISION
Cells divide for two purposes:
Meiosis is the division of the sex cell or gamete (only occurs in sperm and egg cells) p. 33 figure 3-2
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus and the cytoplasm (bodies way to repair itself, happens in all cells but sperm and egg cells)
p. 34 figure 3-3
Interphase • Metaphase
Anaphase • Telophase
• Prophase
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Mitosis stages
Interphase-
Prophase-
Metaphase-
Anaphase
Telophase
Define these p
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Cells produce proteins essential to life through protein synthesis
Within each cell the DNA determines the kinds of proteins that are produced
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11. MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES
Diffusion is the process whereby substances pass across a membrane generally from an area of greater concentration to one of lesser concentration
Osmosis is diffusion through a selective permeable membrane in which some materials can diffuse while others can’t
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12. MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES
Filtration - solutes move across a semipermeable membrane from high pressure to lower pressure
Active transport - molecules move across membrane from low to high concentration
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13. MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES
Phagocytosis is “cell eating” of substances within particles
Pinocytosis is “cell eating” of substances within solution
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SPECIALIZATION
Specialized cells may lose the ability to perform some of the other life functions
Nerve and heart muscle cells cannot normally be replaced
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15. DISORDERS OF CELL STRUCTURE
Tumors result when cell division is abnormal
Benign tumors are composed of cells confined to a local area
Malignant tumors continue to grow and crowd out healthy cells
Malignant tumors spread through the body by a process called metastasis
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Activity
Now create your own cell
Be creative these will be displayed
Follow the grading rubric on the class website for full credit
See p. 30 for a cell diagram
Complete the review questions on page 45 (By yourself)
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