1. Cells Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cells vary in SIZE and STRUCTURE Depends on what they do

3. All Animal Cells have Nucleus Cytoplasm (cytosol) Cell Membrane Cell Membrane is selectively permeable

4. Lipid bilayer (phospholipids) make up the membrane with proteins embedded to help regulate what comes across the membrane

5. ORGANELLES- "little organs" within the cell that perform specific functions The nucleus is to the cell what the __________is to a person. The cell membrane is to a cell what the ________ is to a person. Image: http://www.chemistrypictures.orghttp://www.chemistrypictures.org

6. Transport system; canals and channels that connect membrane to nucleus and to organelles within the cell Smooth ER (lipid synthesis) Rough ER (contains ribosomes for protein manufacture)

8. Flattened membranes; function to package and deliver proteins produced by the ribosomes Proteins are exported in vesicles

9. Chemical energy from food is converted to a useable form (ATP) process is called Cellular Respiration The “powerhouse” of the cell CRISTAE

10. Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes to break down substances Centrosome – forms a spindle during cell division Vesicles – packaged substances, exported Microfilaments and Microtubules - cell skeleton (cytoskeleton), maintains shape and functions in movement Cilia & Flagella

11. Directs cell activities (the “brain” of the cell) Contains genetic information (DNA) in the form of chromatin Also contains a nucleolus – makes ribosomes Has tiny pores where RNA can exit the nucleus

17. Diffusion - molecules tend to spread out Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion Animation

18. o Hypertonic o Hypotonic o Isotonic SALT SUCKS

19. Osmosis Animation

22. Filtration Active Transport  Exocytosis  Endocytosis (phagocytosis & pinocytosis)

23. Mitosis = nuclear division Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis (cell division) The steps of mitosis ensure that each new cell has the exact same number of chromosomes as the original Interphase = growth phase, differentiation occurs

24. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase IPMAT

25. The structure of a chromosome Centromere holds two chromatids together

26. 1. chromosomes visible (chromatids) 2. centrioles migrate to the poles 3. nuclear membrane disappears 4. nucleolus disappears 5. spindle forms

27. 1. chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle attaches

28. 1. chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite poles

29. 1. chromosomes disappear chromatin 2. nuclear membrane reforms 3. nucleoli reappears 4. spindle disappears 5. centrioles duplicate

30. - division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells - organelles are divided - daughter cells are genetically identical Cells return to interphase

37. DIFFERENTIATION occurs as cells multiply and organism develops and grows

38. 1.Name the phases starting at the top.

39. 1.Name the phase 2.Identify X 3.Identify Y

40. 5. Name the phase

41. 6. Name the structure

42. 1.Name the structure 2.What is its function?

43. 9. Which beaker(S) contains a solution that is hypertonic relative to the bag A B C D E 10. What will happen to the baggie in the hypertonic solutions?