1. Chap 3 Cells and their functions
Memmler’s A&P
Chap 3
Cells and their functions

2. Generalized animal cell p37-38
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Vesicles
Centrioles
Cilia
Flagellum

3. regulates what comes into the cell and what goes out of the cell.
Plasma membrane p37-39
regulates what comes into the cell and what goes out of the cell.
Functions of proteins in the plasma membrane:
Channels
Transporters
Receptors
Enzymes
Linkers
Cell identity markers

4. Cellular diversity p41-42
A. Dendron B. epithelial cells C. Muscle cells D. RBCs E. Sperm cell

5. Protein synthesis p41 Ribosomes and RNA synthesize protein
Protein synthesis is necessary because most body tissues are built from protein.

6. deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA Table 3-3 page 43
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA contains our genetic blueprint for all of our cells
Its shape is a double-stranded helix

7. Mitosis p45-47 (somatic cell division)
When the cell is not dividing, it is in interphase
DNA replicates during interphase.
A typical cell lives in interphase for most of its cycle and spends only a relatively short period in mitosis.
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

8. Movement of substances across the plasma membrane p47-48
Passive transport: no cellular energy is required for passive transport

9. Diffusion p48

10. Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane p48

11. Osmosis p48
Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
Think of it as the solutes pulling the water toward them. Water follows salt.

12. Filtration p48
Passage of water and dissolved materials through a membrane as a result of a mechanical “pushing” force on one side.
The force that causes filtration in the body is always the pressure of blood.

13. Facilitated diffusion p48
This is still diffusion because of the concentration gradient. Transporters assist movement thru cellular membrane with concentration gradient.

14. Movement of substances across the plasma membrane p49-50
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

15. Endocytosis p50
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

16. Exocytosis p51

17. Effect of osmosis on cells p51-52

18. Cell aging p51-52
Programmed cell death: apoptosis

19. Cancer risk factors p52 Heredity Chemicals Ionizing radiation
Physical irritation
Diet
Viruses