1. Long and Short Term Causes of the French Revolution
7.1
PETS – Three Estate System, Estates-General, Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Abbe Sieyes

2. 18th Century France
Once The Sun Goes Down…haha get it?

3. Louis XV 1715-1774 Nobility gained more influence
Cannot solely rule as leader…must depend on advisors
Madame de Pompadour
Parlement gains judicial power against the King…can veto measures
People desire more independence in gov’t
Constant wars lead to higher taxes…on who?

4. France in 1789 France the most advanced country in the world
Highest population – 25 million
Wealthiest country
Productive economy
French culture dominates the Continent

5. Three Estate Decal

6. Clergy Less than 1% of the population…own 20% of the land
Exempt from taxes
Not a big trigger of the Revolution…the Anglican Church played much the same role in England

7. Nobility 2%-4% of the population…owned about 25% of the land
Exempt from taxation
Surge in power since the death of Louis XIV
Could still wear swords and tax the peasants for their own profit

8. Peasants 80% of the population Had to pay MANY taxes
Taille – land tax
Tithe – church tax
Obligations to the higher classes
Corvee
Hunting rights
Feudal payments

9. Middle Class
Wanted social and political rights to be congruent to their economic power in France
Could always buy their nobility however
Hated the lettre de cachet

10. Long-Term Causes!

11. One – America!
France plays an active role in helping the colonies win their independence
Many French people are intrigued by ideas of Enlightenment playing out before them

12. Two – Enlightenment!
Political theories of the Enlightenment did not match the current political system in France (three estates)
Enlightenment economists wanted more freedom of the market (Smith, Quesnay)
Government needed to serve the people
Divine right was an outdated form for the justification of rule

13. TURKEY EVE EVE FINALE 7.1 NOTES VIDEO RUBRICS (5TH PERIOD)
PASS BACK PAPERS/REVIEW QUESTION GAME
RANDOM FACT OF THE DAY
The average lifespan of a wild turkey is 3-5 years, and the oldest known wild turkeys lived to be at least 13 years old. Domestic birds bred for food only live a few months as well as play football.

14. Immediate Causes
What Started The Storm

15. Weak Leadership Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Indecisive leader
Liked hunting and sports
Did not have much political acumen
Marie Antoinette
Offered bad advice
Spent monstrous amounts of money – Madame Deficit
Austrian by birth
Daughter of Maria Theresa

16. Financial Mismanagement
Solution – Raise Taxes on Third Estate
French mercantilist economy attacked by businessmen and merchants for not giving them more freedom
Would stimulate growth in the economy
Jacques Neckar – warns L16 to stop spending money and to tax the first two estates

17. Financial Mismanagement
France – on the edge of bankruptcy
Wars with England and participation in USA Revolution
Weaker middle class due to “expulsion” of Huguenots
No central bank, no paper currency, no means for creating credit…only way to create revenue is raise taxes

18. Financial Mismanagement
L16 summons Assembly of Notables to approve tax program on nobility
Nobility refuse to pay taxes
L16 attempted to set new taxes by decree, but the parlements blocked measures
L16 to call a meeting of the Estates-General to vote in new tax measures

19. Estates General
Legislative body which had met twice since 1302…each of three estates were represented by delegates
Each estate brought common complaints
Constitutional monarchy
Individual liberties must be guaranteed by law

20. Estates General Voting procedures – 1 vote per estate
Who gets the shaft in every decision?
Size of the Third Estate delegation was doubled…started discussion on changing the voting procedures
Parlement of Paris ruled the voting procedures would remain…infuriates members of the Third Estate

21. Some Review Questions

22. Question 1
During the early 16th century the need for reform within the Roman Catholic Church was indicated by all of the following EXCEPT
Clerical immporality
The lack of education of the ordinary clergy
The growth of the Brethren of the Common Life
The extravagant lifestyle of prelates and popes
Clerical pluralism

23. One of Calvin’s central ideas in The Institutes of Christian Religion was that
The Church was subordinate to the state
All Christian sects should be tolerated
Man is the measure of all things
Calvinism should be confined to the city of Geneva
Salvation is predestined

24. He said he had seen further than others because he had stood on the shoulders of giants when explaining how he revolutionized the way humans viewed the universe in 1687.
Kepler
Newton
Galileo
Brahe
Bacon

25. Which best describes the Third Estate prior to the French Revolution?
It consisted of the peasantry
The first and second estates outnumbered it in terms of population
It included the middle class, peasants, and urban workers
It had the right to tax peasants for its own profit
It was exempt from the tithe

26. The putting out system Created the urban craft industry
Reduced rural poverty
Eliminated the need for merchant-capitalists
Destroyed the cottage industry
Replaced factory manufacturing