1. John Adams: The Man Top two candidates get President & Vice
Adams beat Jefferson by 3 votes
2nd President of the United States
Won the North vote
Jefferson = Vice President
Won the South & West vote
Both were in opposite parties
Country already fractured
First President to create National Navy

2. The Alien & Sedition Acts
Passed in 1778
Alien Act
Lengthened time to become citizens from 4 to 14 years
Non-citizens in U.S who are suspected of activities that threaten the govt. are jailed or deported.
Sedition Act
Citizens speaking out against the gov. are considered traitors
“Printing, uttering or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing” against the gov.
This act was used to punish newspapers who insulted the president
Under this act, the 1st Amendment became limited.

3. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Madison and Jefferson (Republican) Response:
SEDITION ACTS INFRINGED RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH
States had a duty to nullify laws because they were beyond scope of the Constitution
VA & KY supported resolutions because they were evidence of the 10th Amendment
The protest died after no other states supported the resolutions.

4. Election of 1800 Washington DC became new capital
compromise between north & south
Jefferson vs. Adams for Presidency
Jefferson:
Constitution & states’ rights
Promised a “frugal & simple” government (we’ll get back to that)
Jefferson called an atheist (no God)
Adams:
Experience of 1 term
Peace and prosperity campaign
Adams called grumpy, toothless

5. Election of 1800 Continued
Hamilton supported Pinckney (4th candidate) because foreign policy & firm Federalist principles
Tie between Jefferson & Burr – 35 times
to be decided by House of Representatives
Hamilton supported Jefferson rather than Burr (lesser of two evils) & swayed the vote
Jefferson wins and becomes 3rd President
ELECTION OF 1800 = VICTORY FOR JEFFERSON & REPUBLICANS & NEW GOV.: NO BLOODSHED OVERTHROW OR REBELLION WHEN POWER CHANGED PARTIES

6. 12TH Amendment Passed in 1804 12TH Amendment added to the Constitution
Electoral College to cast separate ballots for President and Vice President
If no presidential candidate gets major of electoral votes, House of Reps choose a president from the top 3
If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of the votes, the Senate choose the VP