1. Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal System Professor Fowler
Medical Terminology
Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal System
Professor Fowler

2. Words to Know Skeletal Arthr/o: joint Cost/o: rib Articul/o: joint
Fem/o, femor/o: femur
Burs/o: bursa
Fibul/o: fibula
Carp/o: wrist
Humer/o: humerus
Cervic/o: neck
Ili/o: ilium
Chondr/o: cartilage
Ischi/o: ischium
Clavicul/o: clavicle
Kyph/o: hump
Coccyg/o: coccyx
Lord/o: bent backwards

3. Words to Know Skeletal Mandibul/o: mandible Sacr/o: sacrum
Maxill/o: maxilla
Scapul/o: scapula
Metacarp/o: palm bones
Scoli/o: bent, crooked
Metatars/o: sole bones
Stern/o: sternum
Myel/o: bone marrow
Tars/o: ankle
Orth/o: straight
Thorac/o: chest
Oste/o: bone
Tibi/o: tibia
Patell/o: patella
Uln/o: ulna
Ped/o: foot, child
-blast: immature
Pelv/o: pelvis
-desis: fusion
Phalang/o: phalanges
-listhesis: slipping
Radi/o: radius
-porosis: porous

4. Vocabulary Chiropractic: specialty of bone alignment
Crepitation: noise heard when two bones rub together
Kyphosis: “humpback”
Lordosis: “swayback”
Scoliosis: crooked back – like a S

5. Pathology Fractures (most common)
Greenstick: in children – bending action
Colles’: wrist
Hairline – small thin line
Open: bone breaks through skin
Closed: broken bone remains in skin (no break through the skin)

6. Abbreviations Ca+: calcium DJD: degenerative joint disease
FX: fracture
NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA: osteoarthritis
Ortho: orthopedics
RA: rheumatoid arthritis

7. Skeletal System Consists of 206 bones Connected to make skeleton
Purposes: framework, protection,
storage of minerals, blood cell
production, help with movement

8. Bones
Osseous Tissue
Ossification

9. Skeleton Two Divisions: Appendicular (126 bones)
- shoulder, arms, hips,
legs
Axial (80 bones)
- head, neck, spine and
chest

10. Head (Skull) Divided into Two parts: Cranium bones (frontal, parietal,
temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and
occipital)
Facial bones (mandible, maxilla,
zygomatic, vomer, palatine,
nasal and lacrimal bones)

11. Vertebral (Spinal Column)
Divided into Five Sections:
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx (tailbone)

12. Rib Cage Twelve pairs of Ribs True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
Breast Bone (Sternum)
Xiphoid Process

13. Shoulder
Clavicle (collar bone)
Scapula (shoulder blade)

14. Upper Extremities Humerus (upper arm bone) Ulna (forearm bone)
Radius (forearm bone)
Carpals (wrist bone)
Metacarpals (hand bone)
Phalanges (finger bones)

15. Hipbone
Consists of:
Illium
Ischium
Pubis

16. Lower Extremities Femur (thigh bone) Patella (knee cap)
Tibia (shin bone)
Fibula (lower leg bone)
Tarsals (ankle bone)
Metatarsals (foot bones)
Phalanges of the feet

17. Joints Formed when two or more bones meet
Referred to as “articulation”

18. Three Types of Joints Based on the amount of movement
* Synovial (freely moving)
* Cartilaginous (slight movement)
* Fibrous (almost allow no movement)
Bursa:

19. Words to Know Muscular Extens/o: extension
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o: tedon
Fasci/o: fascia
-asthenia: weakness
Fibr/o: fibers
-kinesia: movement
Flex/o: flexion
-tonia: pertaining to tone (fit)
Kinesi/o: movment
-trophic: growth
Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o: muscle
Ab- away from
Ad- towards

20. Vocabulary/Pathology
Adhesion: abnormal connection
Atrophy: muscle wasting – “use it or lose it”
Contracture: permanent contraction (pic)
Hypertrophy: excessive growth (pic)
Spasm: involuntary muscle contraction (large group)
Twitch: involuntary muscle contraction
(small group)

21. Vocabulary Fibromyalgia: widespread aching and pain in the muscles
Muscular Dystrophy:
inherited disease causing
progressive muscle degeneration,
weakness and atrophy

22. Vocabulary
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: repetitive motion disorder – inflammation of carpal tunnel
Strain: damage to the tendon
Sprain: damage to the ligament

23. Abbreviations CTS: carpal tunnel syndrome EMG: electromyography
IM: intramuscular
MD: muscular dystrophy

24. Muscles Muscle cells = muscle fibers
Purposes: movement, hold body erect, generate heat

25. Three Types of Muscle Tissue
Voluntary: we control
Involuntary: we can not control
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

26. Skeletal Muscle Directly or Indirectly attached to bones
Striated (striped)
Produce voluntary movement
Fascia
Tendon

28. Smooth Muscle
* Referred to as “Visceral muscle”
Unstriated
Invountary

29. Cardiac Muscle Also referred as “Myocardium”
Makes up the wall of the heart
Striated
Involuntary

30. Skeletal Muscle Actions
Insertion (more movable bone)
Origin (less movement of two bones)
Antagonistic pairs (produce opposite actions)
Agonist pairs (work together to produce movement)

31. Muscle Actions Abduction Inversion Adduction Pronation
Flexion Supination
Extension Elevation
Dorsiflexion Depression
Plantar Flexion Circumduction
Eversion Opposition
Rotation
Table 4.5 – pgs