1. Tissues
Chapter 5

2. Epithelial tissue
Covers organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, lines hollow organs
Anchored to connective tissue by basement membrane
Lacks blood vessels
Cells readily divide; injuries heal quickly

3. Simple squamous epithelium
Single layer of thin, flattened cells
Fit together like tiles
Nuclei are broad and thin
Site of diffusion
Line air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries
Easily damaged

4. Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer of cube shaped cells
Centrally located spherical nuclei
Covers ovaries, lines kidney tubules, ducts of glands
Functions in the kidneys in secretion and absorption
Functions in the glands in secretion of glandular products

5. Simple columnar epithelium
Elongated, thick
Nuclei located near the basement membrane
Lines uterus and most organs of digestive tract
Some have microvilli
Goblet cells scattered throughout

6. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Appear layered
Cell nuclei are at two or more levels in the row of aligned cells
Cilia
Lines passages of the respiratory system

7. Stratified squamous epithelium
Thick
Cells divide in deeper layers, and newer cells push older ones farther outward where they flatten
Forms outer layer of the skin
As skin cells age, they accumulate a protein called keratin and then harden and die
Prevents water loss and blocks substances from entering
(not keratinzed) Lining of mouth, throat, vaginal, and anal canal

9. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Two or three layers
Form the lining of a lumen
Provides protection
Lines mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas, developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules

10. Stratified columnar epithelium
Several layers
Superficial cells are elongated
Basal layers are cuboidal
Male urethra and vas deferens
Parts of the pharynx

11. Transitional epithelium
Specialized to change in response to increased tension
Inner lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

12. Tissue Engineering Video

13. Homework Review Exercises p. 111 #1-5 (omit i.)
Write the questions and answers

14. Connective Tissues Bind structures Provide support and protection
Serve as frameworks
Fill spaces
Store fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infections
Help repair tissue damage

15. Major cell types Fibroblasts Fixed Star-shaped
Produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix of connective tissues
Scurvy (lack of vitamin C) interrupts fibroblasts’ ability to produce collagen

16. Macrophages
Originate as white blood cells
Carry on phagocytosis

17. Mast cells Usually located near blood vessels
Release heparin, which prevents blood clotting, and histamine, which promotes inflammation

18. Connective tissue fibers produced by fibroblasts
Collagenous
Great tensile strangth
Compose ligaments and tendons
White fibers
Elastic
Composed of elastin
Found in vocal cords
Yellow fibers
Reticular
Very thin collagenous fiers
Delicate support

19. Loose connective tissue (areolar)
Composed of fibroblasts
Binds the skin to the underlying organs
Fills spaces between muscles

20. Adipose tissue (fat)
Cushions joints and some organs, such as the kidneys
Insulates beneath the skin
Stores energy in fat molecules

21. Dense connective tissue
Consists of thick collagenous fibers and network of elastic fibers
Very strong
Found in tendons, ligaments, white layer of eyeball, and deeper skin layer

22. Cartilage Provides support and protection
Chondrocytes occupy small chambers called lacunae
Three types
Hyaline (nose)
Elastic (ears)
Fibrocartilage (intervertebral disks)

23. Bone Hardness due to mineral salts and collagen Supports and protects
Attachment for muscle
Contains red marrow (forms blood cells)
Osteocytes concentrically clustered around osteonic canal, form a cylinder-shaped unit called an osteon

24. Blood
Transports
RBCs, WBCs, platelets, plasma

25. Muscle Tissue
Contractile
muscle fibers lengthen and shorten

26. Skeletal muscle Attached to bone
Can control by conscious effort (voluntary)
Alternating light and dark cross-markings called striations
Each cell has many nuclei
Move the head, trunk, and limbs

27. Smooth muscle tissue Cells lack striations
Shorter than skeletal muscle tissue
Spindle-shaped
Single, centrally located nucleus
Makes up walls of hollow internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels
involuntary

28. Cardiac muscle tissue Only in the heart
Striated cells are joined end to end
Cells touch each other an intercalated disk
Controlled involuntarily

29. Nervous Tissue Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Sense changes in their surroundings
Includes neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglial cells

30. Types of membranes Serous
Line body cavities that lack openings to the outside
inner lining of thorax and abdomen, cover organs within cavity
Simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue
Secrete serous fluid, a lubricant

31. Mucous Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
Oral and nasal cavities and the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
Epithelium, loose connective tissue
Secrete mucus

32. Synovial
Inner linings of joint cavities between the ends of bones
Dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue
Secrete synovial fluid, lubricant
Cutaneous
skin

33. http://www. mhhe. com/biosci/ap/holeessentials/student/olc/chap05out