1. Epenthesis

2. Epenthesis
Adding a sound 2

3. Transitional Epenthesis
New sound appears as a result of transition between two sounds 3

4. Transitional Epenthesis
New sound appears as a result of transition between two sounds
Example ‘also’ > [altso]
Palatograms
Tongue contact of [l] + [s] is [t] 4

5. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]? 5

6. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]?
[mbl] 6

7. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]?
[mbl]
Historically
Bramble < bramle
Thimble < thimle 7

8. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]? 8

9. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]?
[mps] 9

10. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]?
[mps]
Non-standard ‘hampster’ 10

11. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [k]? 11

12. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [m] and [k]?
[mpk]
Pumpkin < pumkin 12

13. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [n] and [r]?
[ndr]
Greek: andros < anros 13

14. Transitional Epenthesis
What is transitional consonant between [n] and [r]?
[ndr]
Greek: andros < anros
Why?
[n] nasal airflow
[r] oral airflow
Switch from nasal to oral causes pressure when released orally is [d] 14

15. Transitional Epenthesis
Some cases are written in standard
Pumpkin
Thimble
Bramble 15

16. Transitional Epenthesis
Some cases are written in standard
Pumpkin
Thimble
Bramble
Consume + ion > consumption
Redeem _ ion > redemption 16

17. Transitional Epenthesis
Some cases are not written in standard
Hampster
Hantsen
Warmpth
Respontse
Winds (not loses) 17

18. Transitional Epenthesis
Spanish epenthesis is written
[omre] > ‘hombre’ 18

19. Hiatus avoidance Hiatus: adjacent vowels in different syllables
‘chaos’
‘reorder’
‘see every’
‘idea’
‘every individual’ 19

20. Hiatus avoidance Avoidance by intrusive [ɹ] Brenda [ɹ] and Bob
The idea [ɹ] of it 20

21. Hiatus avoidance Avoidance by glottal stop ‘see [ʔ] every’
‘so [ʔ] over’
‘I [ʔ] honestly’ 21

22. Glottal stop epenthesis
[ʔ] epenthesized before word initial vowels after pause
[ʔ] interesting idea
[ʔ] only you 22

23. Transitional epenthetic vowels
[tr], [tl], [br], [dr] are separated by very short vowel
Caused by interval between stop release and tap occlusion 23

24. Transitional epenthetic vowels
[tr], [tl], [br], [dr] are separated by very short vowel
Caused by interval between stop release and tap occlusion
Marlett transcribes with [ə̆] 24

25. Epenthetic vowels
Some consonant clusters are odd or non- existent in a language
Vowels inserted to break them up
English borrowings in Japanese
Asterisk > asuterisuku
MacDonald > macudonarudo 25

26. Epenthetic vowels
Some consonant clusters are odd or non- existent in a language
Vowels inserted to break them up
English borrowings in Japanese
Asterisk > asuterisuku
MacDonald > macudonarudo
English borrowings in Spanish
Scanner > escáner
Stress > estrés 26

27. Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in English [Ɵl] Athlete > athalete
[lt]
Realtor > realator 27

28. Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in English [Ɵl] Athlete > athalete
[lt]
Realtor > realator
[lm]
Film > filum 28

29. Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in Portuguese [dv]
Advogado > adivogado
[dk]
Adquirir > adiquirir 29

30. Exercise
What is the status of glottal stop? 30

31. Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish
Scanner > escáner
Stress > estrés 31

32. Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish
Scanner > escáner
Stress > estrés
Add [e] before word-initial [sC] 32

33. Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish
Scanner > escáner
Stress > estrés
Add [e] before word-initial [sC]
Some say this process applies to native words also
/skwela/ > [eskwela]
/sponxa/ > [esponxa] 33

34. Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Esférico spherical
Hemisférico hemispherical
Esclerosis sclerosis
Arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis
Estático static
Hipostático hypostatic 34

35. Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Estatal state, adj.
Interestatal interstate
Espionaje espionage
Contraespionaje counterespionage
Esfera sphere
Semiesfera semisphere 35

36. Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Esperado expected
In(e)sperado unexpected
Escolar school, adj.
Pre(e)scolar preschool
Escribir write
Re(e)scribir rewrite 36