1. THINK – 15 Min Use Specific Info

2. Pair- 10 mins. Stay on task

3. Share- 10 mins

4. Chapter 14 pt. 1: Stress and Health

5. Studying the Effects of Stress on Health
Behavioral Medicine: field that combines knowledge of biomedical perspective and behavioral perspective to study and treat health and illness. Term is often used interchangeably with Psychiatry.
Health Psychology: subfield of psychology that is used to contribute to behavioral medicine. Looks at psychological causes of illness and stress (cognitive, environment, social, biological, etc.)

6. Killers of Yesterday and Today
Percentage
U.S.deaths 30 20 10
Tuber-
culosis
Pneu-
monia
Diarrhea/
enteritis
Heart
disease
1900
Cancer
Strokes
Chronic
lung disease
1991

7. What is Stress?
Stress is the process by which we respond to events, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
Stressors: are the events/things that stress us out!

8. Stress Is Not Caused By the Event Itself!
Cognition affects how we react and appraise an external event which affects how we respond.
Stressors
Catastrophes
Life changes
Hassles
Intervening
factors
Appraisal
Perceived control
Personality
Social support
Coping behaviors
Stress
reactions
Physiological
Emotional
Behavioral

9. Stress Can Be Harmful or Helpful Depending on Your Appraisal
Stressful event
(tough math test)
Threat
(“Yikes! This is
beyond me!”)
Challenge
(“I’ve got to apply
all I know”)
Panic, freeze up
Aroused, focused
Appraisal
Response

10. Yerkes-Dodson Principle of Arousal (Not In the Book)
Yerkes-Dodson Principle of Arousal: general tasks are performed best with a medium amount of stress/arousal.

11. Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
Approach-Approach Conflict: stressful tension state that arises as a result of an attraction toward two attractive goals.
Should I go to Harvard or Yale?

12. Stress Conflicts (Not In The Book)
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict: stressful tension state that arises as a result of a simultaneous repulsion of two goals.
Some voters find themselves voting for the “lesser of two evils” in their minds during elections.

13. Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
Approach-Avoidance Conflict: stressful tension state caused being simultaneously attracted and repulsed by the same goal.
YOU’RE FIRED!
Can I get a Raise Boss?
Want a raise at work but don’t want to get fired for asking.

14. Stress Conflicts (Not in the Book)
Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict: stressful tension state that arises when having to choose between 2 or more goals that have both attractive and repulsive qualities. Most common and complex conflict in real life.
Girl choosing to Go to prom with Channing Tatum or her long-term boyfriend

15. Ch 14 Essay
Apply the 4 psychological conflicts to Mary’s prom experience.
Approach- Approach
Approach- Avoidance
Avoidance- Avoidance
Double Approach- Avoidance

16. Biology of Stress? What is Activated When You Feel Stress?
Stress-Response Cycle Includes:
1. Sympathetic and parasympathetic cycles are activated
2. Withdraw. Pull Back. Conserve Energy.
3. Women- “Tend and Befriend”

17. Secondary Response Cycle

18. Animals and Humans Tend to React To Stress In the Same Pattern.
Hans Selye discovered the responsive cycle for how we react to stress which he named the:
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Phase 1: Alarm: activation of sympathetic nervous system.
Phase 2: Resistance: arousal remains high as you attempt to cope with the stressor. “Fight or Flight.”
Phase 3: Exhaustion: body becomes run down with constant stress which can leave you more vulnerable to illness or even death.

19. Diagram of GAS Stress resistance Phase 1 Alarm reaction (mobilize
resources)
Phase 2
Resistance
(cope with
stressor)
Phase 3
Exhaustion
(reserves
depleted)
The body’s resistance to stress can only
Last so long before exhaustion sets in
Stressor
occurs

20. Stressful Life Events Can Create Serious Health Risks
Categories of Stressful Life Events:
1. Catastrophes: unavoidable natural disasters, etc.
2. Significant Life Changes: loss of loved one, leaving home, loss of job, etc.
3. Everyday Hassles:
traffic, long lines at Chick-Fil-A, etc.

21. Perceived Control’s Effect on Health and Stress
Stressful events are especially harmful if they are perceived as negative and uncontrollable.
Those who feel stressful events are beyond their control are also more susceptible to illness and disease.

22. The Rat With No Control Over the Shocks Develops Ulcers
No connection
to shock source
To shock control
To shock source
“Executive” rat
“Subordinate” rat
Control rat

23. Other Influences on Health and Stress
Poverty: poorer people are more at risk for a premature death.
Inequality: areas where there is a large discrepancy/gap between rich and poor have lower life expectancies than areas where differences are less extreme.

24. Other Influences on Health and Stress
Optimism-Pessimism: Those with more positive outlooks tend to cope with stressful events better and have better health than those who dwell on the negative.
Outlooks often tied to feelings of control.