1. Doing the Research
Sylvia A
Nita A
Fifi A

2. a. What information to look for
1. eassys, book chapters, magazine,
newspaper, journal articles, treatises
2. Three broad categories
(1). single-fact information
(2). general information
(3). in-depth information

3. a-1. Single-fact information
What: specific factual questions
For Example: How many typhoons does Taiwan have this year?
How to get answer: dictionary, encyclopedias, magazines…etc.

4. a-2. General information
What: an overview of a subject or a
particular topic
For example: the Sino-Japanese War of
甲午戰爭
(when, what, who, where..)
How to get answer: libraries,
encyclopedias

5. a-3. In-depth information
What: cover a topic in detail
For example: 世界危機：第一次世界大
戰回憶錄
How to get answer: books, essays, articles, internet
Research Paper: contain three kinds

6. b. Where to look for information
Ask your librarian
An online encyclopedia
The Library of Congress’s online catalog for books
Consult Appendix B
Google
Bibliography

7. 7. Computerized library catalog 8. Book Review Digest 10. Who’s Who
9. Standard dictionary or go to Dictionary.com.
10. Who’s Who
11. Consult gazetteers and atlases

8. b-1. General indexes Magazines, newspapers and journals
Magazine: Times, Newsweek, National
Geographic
Newspaper: New York Times, the
Washington Post
Journals: Kenyon Review, Scientific
American
Magazines & Newspapers: cover topical subject
Journals: specialized focus

9. b-3. using interviews and surveys
b-2. Special indexes
Special subjects
b-3. using interviews and surveys
Interview: experts
Survey: psychology or the social science
b-4. Corresponding by
Ask the right questions to expert through .
b-5. Attending lectures, concerts, or art

10. C. Assembling a working bibliography
A list of sources on the research topic
The working bibliography: consult
The final bibliography: alphabetical list
bibliography cards = 3*5cards
Contain possible sources, why sources may be useful

11. Reasons for using bibliography cards
Know the location
Change the order
Not lose citation stored on cards
Bibliography card: ancient, easy to use and
convenience
Be recorded on two kinds of cards:
The title on the smaller bibliography
Notes from the source on the larger note card

12. The process
Recorded each source on 3*5 card
Use the same format bibliography card
Upper right- hand corner – where
Upper left-hand corner – number or internet address

13. The process
Recorded each source on 3*5 card
Use the same format bibliography card
Upper right- hand corner – where
Upper left-hand corner – number or internet address

14. e. Note-taking 4×6 note cards A need of various material and resources
Your ideas should be derived from other’s research

15. e-1. Choosing the number of notes
No standard for choosing the number of notes
Avoid too many quotations and paraphrases
Avoid too many your own ideas
Give your opinionated conclusions and the evidence and other supporting opinions

16. e-2. Formatting the note cards
Use 4×6 cards
Write in ink rather than pencil
One idea or quotation on one card
Indentify the source of the note in the upper left-hand corner of the card
Jot down in the upper right-hand corner of the card a general heading for the information the card contains

17. e-3. Using the computer to take notes
Two approaches:
1.Download material and print it out, highlighting the useful passages.
2.Organize the electronic sources by folder and files, and later use the copy-and paste function to transfer quotations into your rough draft.
It’s handy for filing
Labeling system
Bibliography card

18. e-4. Using a copy machine to take notes
Easier
Lose the original source of the information
Suggestions:
1.Always write down the details and the
bibliographic information
2.Be neat about the pages you copy.

19. e-5. Kinds of notes
Provide documentation in support your thesis
Four kinds:
a. The summary
b. The paraphrase
c. The quotation
d. The personal comment

20. Some facts are quoted in detail, but others are just summarized.
a. The summary
A summary is a condensation of significant facts from an original piece of writing.
Some facts are quoted in detail, but others are just summarized.

21. b. The paraphrase
Paraphrase is restatement of text or passage, using other words.
2 Goals

22. c. The quotation A quotation reproduces an author’s words.
Avoid overusing quoted material
The rules for placing the quotations on the note:
a. put quotation marks (“”) around the quotation.
b. introduce the quotation or place it in proper context.
c. copy quotations exactly as they are written.

23. d. The personal comment
The personal comments are ideas, or conclusions that occur to your during the research.

24. d Selecting your sources: Skimming

25. Major ideas of skimming
Preface
Index
Chapter heading
First and two sentence
Opening paragraph
Concluding paragraph
Every fourth or fifth sentence

26. d-1 Primary and secondary sources
Primary sources: original writings
Secondary sources: commentary on primary sources by others

27. d-2 Evaluating sources of evidence
Choosing source that hit your leading point
Recognizing the viewpoint of articles
Confirming the credit of the source
Noting the date
Practicing to judge and analyze
Ensuring statistics

28. f Plagiarism and how to avoid it

29. Avoiding plagiarism
Recording the note
Using quotation marks
Recording the bibliography entry

30. Citation must listed with author and source
Ideas
Facts or data
Special expression
Copy verbatim
Any information used in research paper