1. Warm Up Table of Content: 1-2 blank 3- RAFT 4-FAT 5-SCIENTIFIC METHOD
6-QUICK WRITE/OPTIC
7- 4 SPHERES

2. What’s the humour?

3. Let’s Review

4. The four spheres: 1.) Atmosphere 2.) Geosphere (Lithosphere)
3.) Hydrosphere
4.) Biosphere

5. #1 Atmosphere Gaseous envelope surrounding the earth
Earth is only planet with free oxygen

6. Layers of the Atmosphere

7. #2 Lithosphere The earth and it’s physical features and landscapes
Includes the upper mantle and crust

8. #3 Hydrosphere All water at or near the surface of the earth
Water is constantly recycled (groundwater, glaciers, oceans, freshwater etc)

9. #4 Biosphere
All living things supported on earth

10. Event <=> Sphere
Causes & Effects
Interactions
Event <=>Sphere
Sphere<=>Sphere

11. How do processes affect our four spheres?
Example: Volcano
How does a volcano affect each sphere?
Event
Volcano
Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

12. The Tragedy of the Commons

13. Garrett Hardin Controversial figure Concerned with overpopulation
American Ecologist and Microbiologist
( )
Controversial figure
Concerned with overpopulation
Pro-abortion
Pro-population control by government
Pro-assisted suicide
Anti-immigration
Anti-international aid
“The Tragedy of the Commons”
Published in Science magazine 1968
Had four children
Committed suicide together with his wife when he was 88 (she was 81)

14. Problems with no technical solution
Some problems cannot be solved with science, e.g. the arms race.
Overpopulation and competition for resources is this kind of problem.
Since no technical solution, the solution must be political.
Thomas Malthus ( , English political economist): Population grows exponentially, food supply can only increase arithmetically, so eventually we will starve (or decrease population via wars, disease or anarchy)

15. The Commons
Commons: common land available to all for grazing animals, gathering wood, etc. Tragedy of the commons: every farmer will tend to maximize their own profits by increasing their herd or increasing their gathering of resources without regard to the long-term depletion of the land. This is rational because the benefit to the individual farmer (of, for example, grazing one more animal on the commons) is larger than that farmer’s share of the overall depletion of the shared resource (i.e. the commons). Historical commons: not really a free-for-all. Not public land. Only small number of farmers had inherited limited bundles of rights, numbers of animals were limited.

16. The New Commons
The tragedy of the commons is a metaphor for anything held in common, used by all freely and not regulated. Everyone will maximize his own benefit to the detriment of the whole. Modern “commons” include: The sea -- overfishing The air, the land, rivers -- pollution The public noise level -- sound pollution National parks – overuse The earth itself (energy, food supply, living standards) -- overpopulation

17. Group Activity
Each group will complete the following for your assigned event
Group 1 – hurricane
Group 2 – deforestation
Group 3 – large scale mining project (i.e. oilsands)
Group 4 – asteroid hitting earth
Group 5 – factories emitting Carbon Dioxide
Group 6 - land Slide
Group 7- Nuclear Waste Spill
Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

18. Introduction to Earth Sciences: Earth’s Four Spheres
On your whiteboards use a drawing/illustration that indicates what you think the four spheres are.
HINT: the four spheres include all aspects of the earth as a planet.

19. What’s the humour?

20. The Four Spheres of the Earth label your handout
Air/Atmosphere Water/Hydrosphere
Land/Lithosphere Life/Biosphere
The Four Spheres of the Earth