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Adult Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Have Greater Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulation  Xin-Sheng Deng, MD, Xianzhong Meng, MD, PhD, QingChun.

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Presentation on theme: "Adult Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Have Greater Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulation  Xin-Sheng Deng, MD, Xianzhong Meng, MD, PhD, QingChun."— Presentation transcript:

1 Adult Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Have Greater Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulation 
Xin-Sheng Deng, MD, Xianzhong Meng, MD, PhD, QingChun Zeng, MD, PhD, David Fullerton, MD, Max Mitchell, MD, James Jaggers, MD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages (January 2015) DOI: /j.athoracsur Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2 Fig 1 Adult cells had markedly higher inflammatory and osteogenic responses after toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. (A) The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induces higher intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) responses in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) of adult cells (open bars) relative to pediatric cells (solid bars). The AVICs were stimulated with LPS, 200 ng/mL, for 24, 48, and 72 hours; ICAM-1, BMP-2, and ALP protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. Densitometry data of (B) ICAM-1, (C) ALP, and (D) BMP-2. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6; *p < 0.05 (adult versus pediatric); **p < 0.01 (adult versus pediatric). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3 Fig 2 Comparable expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) of pediatric and adult cells. The AVICs from explanted hearts of heart transplant recipients were examined for TLR4 by immunoblotting. (A) Developmental expression of TLR4 in AVICs of children 2 months to 16 years old. (B) Equal expression of TLR4 in AVICs of pediatric and adult cells. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4 Fig 3 Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is enhanced in adult aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). The AVICs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 5 to 120 minutes. (A) Representative immunoblots show that stimulation of TLR4 induced greater NF-κB activation in adult AVICS (open bars) relative to pediatric cells (solid bars). Blots from specific antiphospho NF-κB antibody probed were stripped and reprobed with anti–NF-κB antibody. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3. *p < 0.05 (adult versus pediatric). **p < 0.01 (adult versus pediatric). (B) Representative immunoblots show that stimulation of TLR4 induced greater p-38 MAPK in adult AVICs (open bars) relative to pediatric cells (solid bars). Blots from specific antiphospho p-38 antibody probed were stripped and reprobed with anti–P-38 antibody. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; *p < 0.05 (adult versus pediatric); **p < 0.01 (adult versus pediatric). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5 Fig 4 Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3 [tyrosine]) by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is augmented in pediatric aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs), but not in adult cells. Pediatric AVICS (solid bars) and adult AVICs (open bars) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 5 to 30 minutes. (A) Immunoblots show that stimulation of TLR4 induced greater Stat3 activation in pediatric cells compared with adult cells. In the brackets, Y means tyrosine, S means serine. Blots from specific antiphospho Stat3 antibody probed were stripped and reprobed with anti-Stat3 antibody. (B) Densitometry data of p-Stat3(Y)/Stat3. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; *p < 0.05 (pediatric versus adult). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6 Fig 5 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) demonstrated antiinflammatory and antiosteogenic effects to suppress the inflammatory and osteogenic responses in pediatric aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). (A) Pediatric AVICs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 for 1 hour, then with added lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 1 hour. Activation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were examined by immunoblots. Representative immunoblots show that Stat3 inhibition induced p-38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; **p < 0.01 versus control. (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7 Fig 5 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) demonstrated antiinflammatory and antiosteogenic effects to suppress the inflammatory and osteogenic responses in pediatric aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). (A) Pediatric AVICs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 for 1 hour, then with added lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 1 hour. Activation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were examined by immunoblots. Representative immunoblots show that Stat3 inhibition induced p-38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; **p < 0.01 versus control. (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

8 Fig 5 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) demonstrated antiinflammatory and antiosteogenic effects to suppress the inflammatory and osteogenic responses in pediatric aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). (A) Pediatric AVICs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 for 1 hour, then with added lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 1 hour. Activation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were examined by immunoblots. Representative immunoblots show that Stat3 inhibition induced p-38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; **p < 0.01 versus control. (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

9 Fig 5 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) demonstrated antiinflammatory and antiosteogenic effects to suppress the inflammatory and osteogenic responses in pediatric aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). (A) Pediatric AVICs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 for 1 hour, then with added lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 200 ng/mL, for 1 hour. Activation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were examined by immunoblots. Representative immunoblots show that Stat3 inhibition induced p-38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; **p < 0.01 versus control. (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

10 Fig 6 Summary diagram of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) modulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Stat3 either TLR4 independently or dependently. Activation of Stat3 inhibits inflammatory and osteogenic changes by decreasing the activity of both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in aortic valve interstitial cells. Activation and inhibition are indicated with arrows and blunt-ended arrows, respectively. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 62-71DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

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