1. Women: The New Mortality & Fundamentalism
By: Lornah MacLean, Sophia Koester, Sabine Panumpabi

2. 1920s: The Roaring Twenties
Called the Roaring Twenties because of the lively, exuberant culture of the decade
Many people defied prohibition
New styles of dance and dress
Many rejected traditional standards, a lot of them being women
Number of working women increased 25%
Women wore more convenient, comfortable clothing
Divorce was made easier
Most women were still housewives, and not as free as men

3. “Flappers”
Flapper- noun. (in the 1920s) a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior
Flappers were northern, urban, single, young, middle class women.
Speakeasies were common destinations and women enjoyed drinking at jazz clubs, and they drank more than when drinking was legal.
A lot of women worked as telephone operators and clerks at department stores because they could relate to the shoppers: women.

4. Feminism
In a lot of ways, the Roaring 20s was a form of feminism. After the 19th Amendment, women felt liberated and were now allowed to do things that were previously impossible. Today we still have feminist movements:
Rape culture
Equal pay
Equal rights
Abortion rights
Equality of ALL people, no matter the color of their skin
And more

5. Anti-Feminist
While it is true that the feminist movement was becoming such an empowering movement during these 2 decades, there was also many people who were against this social change. For example when the men were returning back from fightiing in WW1, not only did they have to deal with African Americans who were now doing their previous jobs but they also had women in power sometimes above their own authority.
Ex:
Women had shorter hair
Women wore shorter skirts or trousers
Women had their previous jobs

6. Monkey Trial- 1925
John Thomas Scopes was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee where the laws were very strict and very religious but he didn’t teach the same beliefs.
March law is passed making it a misdemeanor punishable by fine to “teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals”
After their arrest, Scopes and a local businessman George Rappleyea asked for help from the American Civil Liberties Union to organize a defense for court

7. Monkey Trial (cont.)
July 10, Monkey Trial started, Dayton’s preachers set up tents outside of the courthouse to keep the faithful stirred up
Vendors sold Bibles, toy monkeys, hot dogs, and lemonade outside of the courthouse
Jury found the teacher guilty
1927- the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the Monkey Trial verdict on a technicality

8. Similar Cases Now
Obergefell v. Hodges- legalizing gay marriage
Decided in 2015, groups of same-sex couples sued their relevant state agencies in Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee to challenge the constitutionality of those states' bans on same- sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same- sex marriages.
Roe v. Wade Case - landmark decision of abortion:
Decided in 1973, Jane Roe, a pregnant mother who wished to obtain an abortion, sued on behalf of all woman similarly situated in an effort to prevent the enforcement of Texas statutes criminalizing all abortions except those performed to save the life of the mother.
The connection with these cases and the Monkey trials case is that they both were against basic “Christian Fundamental Rules” about what is permitted and what is not.

9. Prohibition
Prohibition in the US was the legal ban of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of liquor.
The 18th amendment to the Constitution
Ratified on January 29, 1919 but went into effect a year later.
Came to an end with the 21st amendment in 1933
All prohibition laws were ended by 1966

10. Origins of Prohibition
In the 1820s and 30s a wave of religious revival swept over the U.S. This leading to calls of temperance, or the abstinence of alcoholic beverages.
By 1900 temperance societies were common in the U.S.
Women played a strong role since alcohol was seen as a force of destruction in marriages and families.

11. Enforcement of Prohibition
Government struggled to enforce prohibition
Easier in rural areas, and harder in urban areas
Those who wanted to drink kept finding ways to do it.
Operation of “speakeasies” (stores/night clubs that sold alcohol)
Rise of criminal activity from illegally making and selling alcohol (bootlegging)

12. Sources http://www.ushistory.org/us/46d.asp
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