1. Age of Exploration ( )
“God, gold and glory”

2. I. Motives for Exploration
“God, gold and glory”
I. Motives for Exploration
A. Technological Advances
1. improved navigational methods:
- magnetic compass and astrolabe
- improved maps and charts

3. 2. improved ship designs
- the caravel sailed faster and better into the wind, were lighter

4. 3. improved weapons
- gunpowder and cannons
Why would this be important?

5. B. Desire for wealth
1. gain access to the spice trade (also sugar and silk)
Arab and Italian merchants had a monopoly
2. find new sources of gold and silver

6. If you’re going from Europe to China, which way is easiest… the red or blue route?

7. Silk Road through Asia

9. WHY!?
Muslims vs. Christians during the crusade. Muslims won, closed access to Silk Road to Europeans.

10.
Crusades!?

11. C. Growth of Nation-States
1. centralized power at home allowed for an outward push and colonization of new lands.
D. Religious devotion / Crusading Spirit
1. desire to convert new people to Christianity
2. to strike a blow against the Muslims

12. E. Renaissance Spirit and Values
1. desire to learn about the world (intellectual curiosity)
- Marco Polo returns with stories of the riches in Asia.
2. desire for adventure, fortune, fame and glory.

13. II. Portugal and Spain
A. Portugal
1. Portugal led the way
in exploration
a. Prince Henry the Navigator encourages exploration and the study of improvements in seafaring.

14. b. location –. Portugal was. well situated. to explore. based on
b.location – Portugal was well situated to explore based on routes available to explore.

15. 2. Portuguese. sailors. explored the. coast of. Africa in an
2. Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa in an attempt to find a water route to Asian trade.

16. 3. Portuguese explorers included:
Bartholomeu Dias - first to sail around the southern tip ofAfrica
Vasco da Gama - discovered an all water trade route between Portugal and India.

17. B. Spain
    1. Columbus sails West in an attempt to reach Asia.
a. opened the Americas to European colonization and trade.

18. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
- Spain and Portugal sign a treaty dividing the newly discovered lands between the two nations

19. Amerigo Vespucci – Explored the coast of the newly discovered lands
Suggested Columbus had actually discovered a new world
Vespucci’s name begins to appear on maps of the New World

20. Ferdinand Magellan –
attempted to find a Western route to Asia, one of his ships will complete the first circumnavigation of the earth. ( )

21. Conquistadors
Conquistadors were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empires
They conquered and claimed MANY lands in Central and S. America

22. Francisco Pizarro
Rumors about a very wealthy Inca Empire in S. America were circulating.
Craving wealth and excitement, Pizarro set out in 1524 in search of this empire.
After many years of failed attempts, Pizarro finally found the empire, which is centered in what we now call Peru.
Pizarro was excited by the immense riches (GOLD!) that were in this new land.

23. Pizarro con’t
He sent “secret service agents” to the Inca empire to infiltrate the home of the Incan ruler, Atahualpa.
They discovered Atahualpa’s weaknesses and told Pizarro (it was his love for his family and himself).
Pizarro then lead a surprise attack killing thousands of Incas.
Pizarro was able to bribe Atahualpa by promising to spare his family in exchange for vast supplies of silver and gold.
However, after Atahualpa turned over the riches, Pizarro had Atahualpa killed.
Finally, in 1533 Pizarro conquered Peru.

24. Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in
Mexico in 1519.
Cortes along with native allies defeated the Aztec.

26. Looking for “El Dorado”

27. The “Columbian Exchange”
…the vast exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and diseases that occurred during the “Age of Exploration” (and still continues today!)

28. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

29. Why would the
'Columbian Exchange'
be considered
the beginning of
unintentional
"bio-terrorism"??

30. Flow of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Missionaries
Official European Colony!
Permanent Settlers