1. The European
Conquest
of the Americas

2. Exploration
What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?
What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?

3. Feel the need to explore?
Why did Europeans
Feel the need to explore?

4. Visual Analysis: de Bry woodcuts
Where do you see symbols of the motives for European Exploration?

5. Visual Analysis: de Bry woodcuts
What ONE WORD describes this picture?
What does the cartoon say about the motives of exploration?
What type of interactions do you see?
What do you think the artist thinks about exploration?
What view(s) of Columbus does it offer?

6. Visual Analysis: de Bry woodcuts
How does the de Bry piece reflect the motives of European exploration?
What type of interactions do you see?
What do you think the artist thinks about exploration? What is the evidence of his opinion?
What view(s) of Columbus does it offer?
Honors

7. Age of Exploration

8. Major Exploration Motives
Economic Motives: Hopes of expanding trade
Example: Spices which were needed for preserving and flavoring good
Hopes of find precious metals
Religious Motives:
Natives must be introduced to Christianity.
Social Motives:
Renaissance: encouraged a new spirit of curiosity and adventure and fostered advances in sailing technology
Glory: quite simply, to make a name for yourself

9. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan]
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

10. New Weapons Technology

11. A Ship’s Rations Read “History in Depth” on Pg. 532.
What would it be like to live on a Carvel for 6 months?

12. Europeans hoped to gain new sources of wealth!

13. Gold, God, and Glory!

14. Major Explorers Explore the Explorer!
Research your assigned explorer with your group. Display your information on the poster provided. Two group members should be the researchers, one the recorder.

15. Portuguese 1st to develop/use the caravel and magnetic compass
1419 – Prince Henry the Navigator opened a school for navigation
1420 – explored west African coast
“Gold Coast”
1488 – Bartolomeu Dias reached southern tip of Africa
1498 – Vasco da Gama sailed to India and back
Generated wealth from the Spice Trade

16. Spanish

17. Christofo Colon [ ]

18. Columbus’ Four Voyages

19. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

20. European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

21. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs (1519)
vs.
Fernando Cortes
Montezuma II

22. The Death of Montezuma II

23. Mexico Surrenders to Cortes

24. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas (1532)
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

25. Dutch Exploration
1600s – Dutch East India Company establishes power in the East Indies
Controlled Asian trade, operated as governments
Power to make money
Sign treaties
Raise their own armies
Dominated Indonesia and southern Africa by 1700

26. European Empires in the Americas

27. Effects
of Exploration

28. Impact of European Expansion
Native populations ravaged by disease.
Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”]
New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
Deepened colonial rivalries.

29. 5. New Patterns of World Trade

30. Conflict between Explorers
The Spanish and Portuguese were afraid that they might claim/conquer the same land so they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas.

31. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
This would give Spain control over the Americas!!

32. Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors of America, felt they discovered the “New World”
After Pizzaro, these lands were under Spanish control.
Portugal took Brazil.
What do we call the conquered people who are “native to the region”?

33. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

34. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World
Encomienda or forced labor.
Council of the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru.
Papal agreement.

35. New Colonial Rivals

36. New Colonial Rivals
Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.
First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

37. Made Native Americans slaves and introduced African Slavery

38. Father Bartolomé de Las Casas
New Laws --> 1542

39. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Middle Passage

40. Slave Ship

41. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

42. African Captives Thrown Overboard

43. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

44. European diseases killed them...

45. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

46. Converted them to Christianity…

47. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

48. Took over their natural resources!

49. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Triangular Trade
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

50. Mercantilism
The economy and trade are essential to the health and safety of the nation.
Get as much gold and silver as you can.
Establish a favorable balance of trade: difference between imports and exports.
Get colonies.

51. Treasures from the Americas!