1. Age of Jefferson
Unit 3A
AP U.S. History

2. Think About It
To what extent did Jefferson’s administration and ideology maintain continuity and foster change in American politics and economics from 1787 to 1812?

3. Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809)
Plantation and slave owner from Virginia
Statesman
Assemblyman
Declaration of Independence
Governor
Minister to France
Secretary of State
Vice-President
President
Democratic-Republican
Founded the party in opposition to Alexander Hamilton’s Federalists
Kentucky Resolution
Inaugural Address
“Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle... We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
“Renaissance Man”
Inventor, philosopher, architect, scientist

4. What is Jeffersonianism?
Republicanism and Civic Virtue
Civic duty
Voting and efficacy
Right to education
Natural Elites
Resist corruption
Federalism and States’ Rights
Ultimate sovereignty in the states and nullification
Strict constitutionalist
Dominant legislature, weak judiciary
Economic coercion over standing armies
Yeoman Farmers as Ideal Citizens
Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtue
Agriculture Over Manufacture/Industry
Responsibility of subsistence
Dependence led to class conflict
Empire of Liberty and Foreign Policy
America’s responsibility to spread democracy
Avoid entangling alliances
Society
Republican motherhood; absent from politics
Natives capable, just need to catch up (noble savages)
Black inferiority and white superiority
Separation of Church and State

5. Was Jefferson Jeffersonian?
Consider the following historical concepts and events in regards to the question…
The Federal Judiciary
Louisiana Purchase
Barbary/Tripoli Pirates
Embargo Act of 1807

6. First Political Party System (1789-1824)
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Federalists
National policies
Strong central government
Loose constructionists
Commerce and manufacturing
Urban
The rich, the well-born, the able; merchants, bankers
Pro-British
Northeast
Democratic-Republicans
States rights
Strong local/state governments
Strict constructionists
Agricultural
Rural
Small farmers, plantation owners, artisans
Anti-British
West and South

7. Jefferson and the Federal Judiciary
Midnight Judges
Judiciary Act of 1801
Adams (F) last minute federal judicial appointments
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Judicial review
“It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” – Chief Justice John Marshall
Impeachments
John Pickering
Associate Justice Samuel Chase

8. Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Napoleon’s Plans
Jefferson’s Plan
Brokered a deal for $15 million
Doubles the size of the United States
Federalist opposition
Lewis and Clark Expedition

9. The Louisiana Purchase Should Be Approved; The Louisiana Purchase Should Be Opposed
Thomas Jefferson – Letter to John Breckinridge and Third Annual Message to Congress (1803)
Samuel White – U.S. Senate Speech (1803)
The Constitution has made no provision for our holding foreign territory, still less for incorporating foreign nations into our Union. The executive, in seizing the fugitive occurrence which so much advances the good of their country, have done an act beyond the Constitution. The legislature, …risking themselves like faithful servants, must ratify and pay for it...
While the property and sovereignty of the Mississippi and its waters secure an independent outlet for the produce of the western States, and an uncontrolled navigation through their whole course, free from collision with other powers and the dangers to our peace from that source, the fertility of the country, its climate and extent, promise in due season important aids to our treasury, and ample provision for our posterity, and a widespread field for the blessings of freedom and equal laws.
Possession of [New Orleans; and of such other positions on the Mississippi] we must have…to secure to us forever the complete and uniterrupted navigation of that river. This I have ever been in favor of; I think it essential to the peace of the united States, and to the prosperity of our Western country. But as to Louisiana, this new, immense, unbounded world, if it ever be incorporated into this Union, which I have no idea can be done but by altering the Constitition, I believe it will be the greatest curse that could at present befall us...the settlement of this country will be highly injurious and dangerous to the United States...and of making the fertile regions of Louisiana a howling wilderness, never to be trodden by the foot of civilized man, it is impracticable...The inducements will be so strong that it will be impossible to restrain our citizens from crossing the river.

10. Jefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli Pirates
Washington and Adams
Paid bribes to Barbary states to avoid piracy
Jefferson
Barbary states increase bribes
U.S. Navy and Marines dispatched
Though no decisive victory was reached, protection was maintained for US merchant vessels in the Mediterranean

11. Jefferson and the Embargo Act
Napoleonic Wars
Britain vs France
British and French impressment of Americans
HMS Leopard and USS Chesapeake
Embargo Act of 1807
Prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports
Economic impact on Americans

12. Election of 1808 James Madison (D-R) Charles Pinckney (F)
Federalists gained congressional seats

13. James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817)
Napoleonic Wars
Impressment continues
Non-intercourse Act of 1809
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Western Frontier
Alleged British influence on Natives
Native wars
War of 1812

14. Causes of the War of 1812 United States vs. Great Britain
British impressment
Alleged British influence in the western frontier
War Hawks in Congress
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay
Opposition to War
Federalists
Old guard Dem-Reps
New England and merchants

16. War of 1812 British Invasion
Chesapeake Campaign
Invasion of Washington D.C.
Burning of the White House
Nature FTW
Fort McHenry and Baltimore
Star-Spangled Banner and Francis Scott Key

17. “Old Ironsides” 42 Wins 0 Losses Constructed in 1797
Still in commission
42 Wins
0 Losses

18. War of 1812 Battles with Frontier Natives
Tecumseh’s War
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
Battle of the Thames (1813)
Creek War
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)

19. War of 1812 End of the War End of Napoleonic Wars
Treaty of Ghent (December 1814)
Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)

20. Hartford Convention (1814)
Platform
Federal economic assistance for New England
2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, and declaration of war
Rescind the Three-Fifths Compromise
One-term president and no same-state successor
Talk of secession by radicals
After War of 1812
Perceived as traitors
Effectively weakened as a national party

21. War of 1812’s Impact Growth of nationalism
Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings”
Domestic industrial and manufacturing development
Emphasis on national infrastructure
Promotion of professional military
International respect
Natives significantly weakened
Increased drive to expand west