1. Civil War: Conditions of War fare
US History: Mrs. Lacks

2. Northern Troops Initially volunteers
1863 – first federal conscription law (ever)
(Northern reaction)
Could buy your way out ($300)
Hated in Democratic strongholds
New York Draft Riot (1863) – sparked by Irish Americans against blacks
About 200,000 deserters of all classes
Irish:

3. Northern Troops About 180,000 blacks served (10% of total enlistment)
Black volunteers initially rejected – North didn’t allow blacks to fight until EP (1863)
Blacks served in segregated units under white officers and rarely saw combat
Not allowed to rise above the rank of captain

4. African Americans & the Union
54th Massachusetts - “Glory”
Sgt. William Carney - 1st African American to win Congressional Medal of Honor

5. Southern Troops Initially relied on volunteers
Forced to conscript men by 1862
Rich men could hire substitutes or purchase exemption
Did not recruit slaves until a month before the war ended

6. Southern Troops
African Americans did fight for the South; thousands of slaves built fortifications/trenches, etc.
Slaves kept Southern farms going while white men fought
Ironically, did not revolt after EP – most stayed on farms even after war

7. African Americans and the Confederacy
about 65,000 free and enslaved black men fought for the Confederacy
Roland Young, African American historian
"When you eliminate the black Confederate soldier, you've eliminated the history of the South.”
"some, if not most, Black southerners would support their country" and that by doing so they were "demonstrating it's possible to hate the system of slavery and love one's country.” (like American Revolution)

9. Southern Troops
Most of the Five Civilized Tribes sided with the Confederacy including Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles

10. Battleground Conditions
life on the lines
nasty living conditions
poor personal hygiene
poor diet

11. Battleground Conditions
prisons
cramped quarters, malnutrition, little or no shelter from elements
Andersonville, GA - 29% of prisoners died
Overall: South - 15%; North - 12%

14. Andersonville, Georgia

16. Battleground Conditions
improvements
US Sanitary Commission (north)
improve hygienic conditions of army camps
recruit and train nurses
Clara Barton - union nurse
often at front lines caring for sick and wounded
Started the Red Cross
south s of women volunteered for nursing duty

17. U.S. Sanitary Commission
Clara Barton
U.S. Sanitary Commission

18. Support & Dissent for the War
sympathizers on both sides
Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus
court order requiring a person being held in jail to be brought before court to determine reason being held
13,000+ suspected confederate sympathizers held without trial

19. Legacy of the War
More men died in Civil War than any other war in US History (over 620,000)
Fought for the freedom of others/moral superiority

21. Many firsts… Trench warfare Battlefield photos Draft Wartime railroad
Portable telegraph
Soldiers voting
Battlefield medicine
Medal of Honor
Ironclads
submarines
Battlefield photos
Wartime railroad
Income tax
Repeating rifle
“Torpedoes”
Machine gun
Land mines

23. Gatling gun
Trench warfare

24. “Torpedoes”

25. Balloon used for observation (Antietam)

26. Civil War GREATLY aged President Lincoln
1865
1860

27. April 14, 1865
Ford’s Theater

28. John Wilkes Booth From Maryland Actor
Strong supporter of the South and slavery
Promised his mother he would not enlist in Confederate Army (but traveled the South performing)
Attended the hanging of John Brown in VA
Performed for Lincoln several times

29. The Conspirators John Wilkes Booth George Atzerodt David Herold
Lewis Powell

31. Assassination of Lincoln
Booth shot Lincoln in the back of his head then leaped down to the stage, breaking his leg, and yelling “Sic semper tyrannis” (Thus be it ever to tyrants)
Booth managed to escape for 12 days, trapped in VA, captured, tried, executed (allegedly shot)

33. Front Royal, VA – Place of Booth’s death

34. Assassination of Lincoln
Co-conspirators
Mary Surratt - convicted of being an accomplice and hanged
Dr. Samuel Mudd - life imprisonment - set Booth’s broken leg
Edward Spangler - 6 years in prison - stagehand at the theater who held Booth’s horse