1. Age of NEW Imperialism

2. Definition
Imperialism = one country’s domination of political, economic, and social life of another country

3. Causes Political  rival European countries (nationalism)
Economic demand for raw materials and markets for goods (competition, Industrial Revolution)

4. Reasons (cont.)
Ideological  European religious zeal, feelings of racial/cultural superiority = Europeans wanted to impose their cultures on others
(Social Darwinism): idea that some races were more “evolved” than others
“The White Man’s Burden” – duty of Europeans to civilize “backward” people, spread Christianity and Western ideals/values

5. Causes (cont.) Religious  desire to spread Christianity,
Exploratory  scientific/medical research, have adventure, investigate unknown land/culture
Victoria Falls
& Dr. Livingston

6. Forms
Colony – directly ruled by an imperial power thru colonial officials
Protectorate – has its own govt, but “guided” by a foreign power
Sphere of Influence – region where an imperial power has exclusive investment/trading rights

7. Africa Before… Africans spoke over 1,000 different languages!
Powerful African armies had kept Europeans out of Africa for 400 years!

8. Then…

9. Scramble for Africa
, European countries claimed most parts of Africa for their own
1885 – European nations
met in Berlin, Germany
and agreed to split
(partition) Africa amongst
themselves
(Berlin Conference)
By 1914, Europe
controlled 90% of Africa

10. French Holdings
Invaded Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco in Northern Africa

11. British Holdings Controlled Egypt, Sudan, South Africa
Desired to control a
portion of Africa all the
way from North to South
(“From Cairo to
Capetown” was the motto)

12. Analyzing Political Cartoons

13. Independent Nations
By 1900, Liberia was the only independent state in West Africa.
Ethiopia was also independent (kicked out the Italians when led by King Menelik II)

14. Congo
King Leopold II (Belgium) claimed Congo as his own private plantation; enslaved the people brutally for 20 years; then gave the plantation to the Belgian government

15. EFFECTS Schools taught that European ways were best
By early 1900s, elite Africans began to condemn imperialism as against European ideals of liberty, equality, nationalism
Harmed land by mining, factories, logging
Paid Africans low wages, and imposed high taxes
Men housed in dorms away from families

17. British in India
Controlled by British East India Company (a privately-owned joint stock company)
Army led by British
officials- made up of Indian
soldiers.
India seen as the
“jewel in the crown”
British resists India’s
economy from operating
on its own.
British build railroad-
set up plantations
Tea, indigo, coffee, opium
Sold opium to China

18. Impact of Colonialism Negative Positive
British control political/economic issues
Reduction of food production = famine
Threatened traditional life
Positive
Railroads
Sanitation and public health improved
Schools/Colleges

19. Sepoy Rebellion
Rumor that cartridges for new rifles greased with beef and pork fat
What problem would this pose?
Sepoy Rebellion (1857) – soldiers rebel
British gov’t moves in, gains control of India
Nationalism
grows as British
use India for their
reasons, not what
is best for India
(Gandhi leads
peaceful
rebellions)

20. Westernization
Westernization – to adopt aspects of European (western) civilization (examples: industrialize, democracy, etc.)

21. Reactions of China and Japan
Both countries had contact with European nations in the 1800s
China’s government assumed they were stronger than Europe
Britain began importing Opium into China to buy tea, which China didn’t like
Britain badly beat China in the Opium War (1840s)
China was surprised by Europe’s strength
China rejected Westernization and was slowly made into spheres of influence by European nations

22. European troops in China

23. Japan Japan was isolationist (closed to foreigners) from 1600-1850s
American gunboats came to Japan and forced them to open to trade (1850s)
Japan saw how China was treated and decided to Westernized their military, government, schools, etc.
Japan, by modernizing, was able to compete with Europe and was never taken over
Japan beat China, then Russia in a war
Russo-Japanese was (1905) – first time an Asian nation beat a European nation

24. Japan “modernizing”