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Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology

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Presentation on theme: "Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology
Chapter 15

2 Overview of Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology

3 Basic Diagnostic Procedures
Vital signs Auscultation Palpation and percussion Basic examination instruments

4 Vital Signs Temperature: average normal is 98.6°F (Fahrenheit) or 37.0°C (Celsius) Pulse: rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by beating of heart Respiration: number of complete breaths per minute Blood pressure: force of blood against walls of arteries

5 Pulse Points of the Body

6 Ausclatation Auscultation Listening for sounds within the body
Performed through a stethoscope

7 Palpation and Percussion
examiner’s hands feel texture, size, consistency, and location of body parts Percussion determines density of a body part by sound produced by tapping surface with fingers

8 Basic Examination Instruments
Ophthalmoscope: to examine interior of eye Otoscope: to examine external ear canal and tympanic membrane Speculum: to enlarge opening of a canal or cavity for inspection of its interior Stethoscope: to listen to sounds within the body

9 Examination Positions
Recumbent positions Sims’ position Knee-chest position Lithotomy position

10 Recumbent Positions Horizontal recumbent position
also known as supine position patient is lying on the back, face up used for examination and treatment of anterior surface of the body and for x-rays Dorsal recumbent position patient lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent used for examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal exams (continues)

11 Recumbent Positions Lithotomy position
patient lying on back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth (continues)

12 Recumbent Positions Prone position – patient lying on abdomen face down Sims’ position – patient lying on left side with right knee and thigh drawn up with left arm placed along back Knee-chest position – patient lying face down with hips bent so knees and chest rest on table

13 Laboratory Tests Blood tests Urinalysis

14 Endoscopy Visual examination Endoscopic surgery

15 Centesis Centesis: a surgical puncture to remove excess fluid or to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes Used alone as a noun, or as a suffix in conjunction with the combining form, describing the body part being treated (continues)

16 Centesis Examples of centesis abdominocentesis arthrocentesis
cardiocentesis pericardiocentesis

17 Imaging Techniques Radiography (x-ray) Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fluoroscopy Diagnostic ultrasound

18 Nuclear Medicine Utilizes radioactive substances for both diagnosis and treatment purposes.

19 Radiographic Projections and Positioning
Basic radiographic projections

20 Terms Related to Pharmacology
Addiction Adverse drug reaction (side effect) Compliance Contraindication Drug interaction (continues)

21 Terms Related to Pharmacology
Palliative Paradoxical drug reaction Placebo Idiosyncratic reaction Potentiation (synergism)

22 Key Word Parts and Definitions
albumin/o albumin, protein calc/i calcium, lime, the heel -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid creatin/o creatinine (continues)

23 Key Word Parts and Definitions
glycos/o glucose, sugar -graphy the process of producing a picture or record hemat/o blood, relating to the blood lapar/o abdomen, abdominal wall (continues)

24 Key Word Parts and Definitions
-otomy cutting, surgical incision phleb/o vein radi/o radiation, x-rays -scope instrument for visual examination (continues)

25 Key Word Parts and Definitions
-scopy visual examination son/o sound -uria urination, urine

26 Questions

27 Question In Sim’s position, which is used for examining the rectal area, the patient is lying: face down on the left side with the right knee drawn up on the back with the knees up

28 b. on the left side with the right knee drawn up
Answer b. on the left side with the right knee drawn up

29 Question A lipid panel measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile. True or False?

30 Answer False. A lipid panel measures the amount of cholesterol in a blood sample. A serum bilirubin test measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile.

31 Question Which of these operations cannot be performed using laparoscopic surgery? appendectomy cholecystectomy cesarean section

32 Answer c. cesarean section

33 Question Elephants have an average pulse of 27, and for canaries the average is 1,000. What is the average pulse for human beings? 90 120 65

34 Answer c. 65


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