1. Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850
The Great compromiser
Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850

2. The Road to the Civil War
Manifest Destiny
The Texas Revolution
The US-Mexico War,
Gold Rush, Migration and Expansion
Compromise of 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Bleeding Kansas,
Dredd Scott Decision, 1857
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
1860 Presidential Election

3. Something I missed!
The Missouri Compromise.

4. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
In the years leading up to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, tensions began to rise between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions within the U.S. Congress and across the country.
They reached a boiling point after Missouri’s 1819 request for admission to the Union as a slave state, which threatened to upset the delicate balance between slave states and free states.

5. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
The extraordinarily bitter debate over Missouri’s application for admission ran from December 1819 to March Northerners, led by Senator Rufus King of New York, argued that Congress had the power to prohibit slavery in a new state.
Southerners like Senator William Pinkney of Maryland held that new states had the same freedom of action as the original thirteen and were thus free to choose slavery if they wished.

6. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
To keep the peace, Congress orchestrated a two-part compromise:
Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) as free
except for Missouri, slavery was to be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30′.

7. The Missouri Compromise (1820)

8. The Missouri Compromise (1820)

9. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
For his work on the Missouri Compromise, Senator Henry Clay became known as the “Great Pacificator.“
It would last 30 years and then we’d fight about it all over again.
Why?

10. What About Texas? Gained from itself (Mexico)
South wanted it to be slave; North wanted free
Many had slaves
Applied for statehood as a slave state
Would upset the balance and be unfair to North

11. What About Texas? Gained from itself (Mexico)
South wanted it to be slave; North wanted free
Many had slaves
Applied for statehood as a slave state
Would upset the balance and be unfair to North

12. What About California? Gained from Mexico
South wanted it to be slave; North wanted free
Many came in 1849 (Gold Rush)
Applied for statehood as a free state
Would upset the balance and be unfair to South
South had proposition: Below 36,30 would be slave, above would be free
North not in favor

13. What About California? Gained from Mexico
South wanted it to be slave; North wanted free
Many came in 1849 (Gold Rush)
Applied for statehood as a free state
Would upset the balance and be unfair to South
South had proposition: Below 36,30 would be slave, above would be free
North not in favor

15. Architects of the Compromise of 1850
Senator Henry Clay (Whig-KY)
Senator Daniel Webster (Whig – MA)
Senator Stephen Douglass (Democrat – IL)

16. 4 Parts to Compromise California is a free state (north)
UT and NM will decide slavery by popular sovereignty (south)
End the slave trade in D.C. (north)
Could keep current slaves, but couldn’t buy any more
Fugitive Slave Law (south)
Runaway slaves had to be returned to Southern owners

17. Outcome of Compromise
EVERYONE IS HAPPY!
RIGHT?

18. Outcome of Compromise Southerners threatened to secede
Debate lasted 9 months
Satisfied no one

19. The Fugitive Slave Act
Required ALL U.S. citizens to become enforcers of slavery
Special courts have economic incentive to favor slaveholders

20. The Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive slave act:
North didn’t want to turn over slaves
South didn’t think the law was ensuring the return of their slaves
Some slaves fled to Canada, others rebelled
Anyone who helped a slave or didn’t turn them in could be jailed (6 months); $1,000 fine
Many free African-Americans sent to South
Over 10,000 slaves lived in the North, only 299 were returned

21. Important Ideas
Popular Sovereignty- Let people in territory or state vote to determine if slave or free
Fugitive Slave Act- Law allowed recapture of runaway slaves found in North and penalties for those who helped runaways
Bounty Hunter- someone paid money to capture runaway slaves

22. The Debate Enters Pop Culture
Eliza escapes across the frozen Ohio River
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Bombshell

23. Harriet was the smallest of the Beecher’s children
Harriet was the smallest of the Beecher’s children. She never grew to be more than five feet tall. But size has nothing to do with ability.

24. In fact, Harriet Beecher, who married Calvin Stowe, became the most famous American women of her day. And all because of a book she wrote, a book that changed history.

25. Growing up in New England, slavery had seemed so far away
Growing up in New England, slavery had seemed so far away. Now, while attending school in Ohio, a free state, Harriet stood on the banks of the river looking across at Kentucky, a slave state.

26. She watched boats filled with slaves in chains who were being shipped south to be sold at slave markets.

27. One day she saw a baby pulled from its chained mother’s arms
One day she saw a baby pulled from its chained mother’s arms. She saw a look of anguish on the mother’s face. She never forgot that look.

28. Once, Harriet, was invited to Kentucky to visit a friend who lived on a plantation and owned slaves. The friend and her family were kind people, and she saw slavery at its best.

29. But when Harriet and her friend rode horses to a neighboring plantation, they saw a cruel overseer abusing blacks. Harriet remembered the kindness and the cruelty.

30. Harriet was becoming a writer. She wrote stories and poems
Harriet was becoming a writer. She wrote stories and poems. Then, when she married and had babies, there never seemed to be enough money. So Harriet wrote stories to earn money.

31. Harriet had learned a lot about slavery, and it made her very angry
Harriet had learned a lot about slavery, and it made her very angry. Her brother Edward’s wife said to her, “If I could write as you do I would write something to make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is.”

32. And that was just what Harriet Beecher Stowe did
And that was just what Harriet Beecher Stowe did. She wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

33. It was the most important American book written in the 19th century
It was the most important American book written in the 19th century. It may be the most influential book ever written in America. Its chapters were first printed in a newspaper.

34. Within a week of its publication as a book (in 1852), 10,000 copies had been sold, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin was just getting started.

35. Before the Civil War began, two million copies were bought in the U. S
Before the Civil War began, two million copies were bought in the U.S., and it was translated into many languages and sold around the world.

36. Anyone who reads Uncle Tom’s Cabin and doesn’t cry at the end has a hard heart. It was the first American novel to make real people of blacks, and it made people care.

37. Harriet tried to be fair when she wrote the book
Harriet tried to be fair when she wrote the book. She made the horrible overseer, Simon Legree, a Northerner. Legree is the villain in the story.

38. Uncle Tom, a saintly black man, is strong and heroic, the finest person in the book.

39. In the novel, the two black men who beat him are evil
In the novel, the two black men who beat him are evil. Some white plantation owners are good people. Harriet was trying to show that color has nothing to do with whether a person is good or bad.

40. What she showed very well was that the system of slavery was evil and that even good people did evil things when they were part of the system.

41. Uncle Tom’s Cabin changed people’s ideas about slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin changed people’s ideas about slavery. It made people in the North angry. It made them willing to fight a war to end slavery.

42. In the South it was against the law to buy or sell this book
In the South it was against the law to buy or sell this book. Why do you think that is?

43. When President Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe during the Civil War he said to her, “So this is the little lady who wrote the book that made this great war.”

44. What happens next?
The Compromise of 1850
It kept the union together…

45. What happens next?
BUT…

46. What happens next?
BUT…
It was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which established popular sovereignty (local choice) regarding slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, though both were north of the compromise line.

47. What happens next? BUT… AND…
It was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which established popular sovereignty (local choice) regarding slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, though both were north of the compromise line.
AND…
Three years later, the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, on the ground that Congress was prohibited by the Fifth Amendment from depriving individuals of private property without due process of law.

48. Next Time
Bloody Kansas
Dred Scott