1. Text Structure

2. Description Similar to an outline
Opens with main idea, then elaborates
Example:
A book may tell all about whales or describe what the geography is like in a particular region

3. Signal Words
for example
for instance
specifically
in particular
in addition

4. Cause and Effect Reader is told the result of an event
Or reader is told the reason (cause) it happened
Example:
Weather patterns could be described that explain why a big snowstorm occurred.

5. Signal Words
consequently
therefore
as a result
thereby
leads to

6. Comparison/Contrast Example:
This text tells differences or similarities of two or more objects, places, events, or ideas
Example:
A book about ancient Greece may explain how the Spartan women were different from the Athenian women.

7. Signal Words however unlike like by contrast yet in comparison
although
whereas
similar to
different from

8. Sequence/Time Order
This text tells the order in which steps in a process or series of events occur. Examples: A book about the American revolution might list the events leading to the war. In another book, steps involved in harvesting blue crabs might be told.

9. Signal Words
next
first
last
second
another
then
additionally

10. Identify the structure!!
Some people get goose bumps from fear. Others get goose bumps when they are touched emotionally.
Compare and Contrast

11. Goose bumps make me shiver. First I get cold. Then I shake all over.
Sequence

12. Goose bumps make me shiver
Goose bumps make me shiver. When the temperature drops below 45 degrees, my skin crinkles into goose bumps.
Cause and Effect

13. Goose bumps make me shiver. I get little bumps on my skin
Goose bumps make me shiver. I get little bumps on my skin. They look like sesame seeds.
Description