1. CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS PROGRAMS

2. CONTENT A brief history of a computer and programming language.
Introduction to programming.

3. COMPUTER

4. WHAT KIND OF ACTIVITIES YOU CAN DO WITH A COMPUTER ????...

5. COMPUTER What is a computer?
An electronic machine, operating under the control of instruction stored in its own memory.
Machine that obtains data as input, processes the data and produces valuable output. Output will be stored in various storage.

6. COMPUTER COMPUTER HARDWARE SOFTWARE The electric, electronic
and mechanical
equipment that makes
up a computer
The series of
instructions that tells the
computer hardware how
to perform tasks

7. BASIC OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER
these operations are under the control of instructions stored in the computer’s memory
INPUT
Accepting data from user
PROCESS
Manipulating data
OUTPUT
Producing result
STORAGE
Storing result

8. BASIC OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER
Example: ATM program (money withdrawal)

9. PROGRAM LANGUAGE
How human and computer interact?

10. COMPUTER PROGRAM What is a computer program?
Set of instruction that directs computer to perform tasks.
Programming language – used
to write instructions
Programmer – writes and modifies
computer program

11. EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

12. Evolution of programming language
Machine language
Assembly language
3rd Generation language
4th Generation language
5th Generation language

13. TYPES OF LANGUAGES Low Level Language High Level Language Procedural
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language
3rd Generation Language
4th Generation Language
5th Generation Language
Procedural
language
Non - Procedural
language

14. MACHINE LANGUAGE Only language computer directly recognizes
Uses a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) with a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits.

15. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Instructions made up of symbolic instruction codes, meaningful abbreviations and codes
Source program contains code to be converted to machine language

16. 3rd Generation Language
Uses series of English – like words to write instructions
Most widely used are BASIC, COBOL, C++ and C
Uses compiler or interpreter to translate to machine language.

17. 4th Generation Language
Most of DBMS (Database Management System) is considered as 4th generation language
Examples are Microsoft Access, DBASE IV and FoxBase.
Main characteristics of this generation is it non procedural, much easier to organize records or data, faster to write programs and easier to design forms or reports.

18. 5th Generation Language
Provides visual or graphical interface for creating source code
Often used in RAD (rapid application development) environment
Available in Visual Studio 2005, Delphi and PowerBuilder.
User are not required to understand programming language. Thay are able to communicate with the computer using natural language.

19. OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
ADA
ALGOL
APL
BASIC
FORTH
FORTRAN
HYPERTALK
LISP
LOGO
MODULA-2
PASCAL
PILOT
PL/1
PROLOG
SMALLTALK

20. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASSEMBLER, COMPILERS, INTERPRETERS & COMPUTER PROGRAMS

21. Computer program
Definition: is a list of instructions written in a programming language that is used to control the behavior of a machine.

22. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
A Language Translator is a software that translate a program written in 2nd , 3rd or higher – generation language into machine language.
3 types:
Assembler
Compiler
Interpreter

23. Assembler
Translate from assembly language to machine language

24. COMPILER
Program that converts entire source program into machine language before executing it

25. Compiler

26. INTERPRETER
Programs that translate and executes one program code statement at a time
Does not produce object program

27. Interpreter

28. THE IMPORTANCE OF PROGRAMMING

29. PROGRAMMING Allows user to direct computer to execute tasks
A skill required of a computer scientist or a software engineer
An activity that is central to computer science
Improves logical reasoning and critical thinking skills

30. CRITERIA OF A GOOD PROGRAM

31. The criteria Accuracy Reliability Usability Maintainability
Program that fulfils all the specification, requirement and objectives.
Reliability
No errors.
Usability
Easy to use and learn.
Maintainability
Easily understood, tested and modify

32. The Criteria Efficiency Readability
Fast program execution and quick access to data to generate output
Readability
Clear and understandable
Using meaningful name for variable
Have explanations on the program’s function

33. Example

34. A good program is a
Program that is easy
To read and easy to be
understood by other
programmers

35. Exercises Give example of three (3) programming language.
What is the difference between machine language and assembly language?
What is the difference between compiler and assembler?
Explain procedural and non procedural language. Give an example of programming language for each.