1. Advanced Rhetorical Devices
Identification vs. Purpose vs. Effect

2. Review Vocabulary Parallel Structure – Anaphora – Chiasmus –
Antithesis –

3. Review Vocabulary
Parallel Structure – using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
Anaphora – Repetition of a word or words at the start of a sentence or phrase
Chiasmus – Reversal in syntax to make the second half have different meaning
Antithesis –Two opposing ideas placed together to achieve a contrasting effect

4. Review Vocabulary
Hyperbole –
Allusion –
Synecdoche -

5. Review Vocabulary
Hyperbole - Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally
Allusion - a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance
Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

6. Review Vocabulary
Extended Metaphor –
Polysyndeton –
Periphrasis -

7. Review Vocabulary
Extended Metaphor - A detailed comparison spanning several lines
Polysyndeton - The use of several coordinating conjunctions in rapid succession
Periphrasis - The use of excessive or longer words to convey a meaning which could have been conveyed with a shorter expression or fewer words

8. New Vocabulary

9. New Vocabulary Asyndeton Epistrophe Meiosis
Pronounced ay – SIN– di - tawn
Epistrophe
Pronounced eh – PIS – trah - fee
Meiosis
Pronounced mee – OH - sis

10. Asyndeton
The practice of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses (it lacks and, but, or, etc.)
The opposite of polysyndeton

11. Asyndeton Example: Regular writing – Using asyndeton –
He eats, drinks, and sleeps.
Using asyndeton –
He eats, drinks, sleeps.

12. Asyndeton
Example:
“This is the villain among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant to betray you completely.”
From Aristotle’s Rhetoric

13. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

14. Purpose vs. Effect Speeds up rhythm Gives a spontaneous mood
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Speeds up rhythm
Gives a spontaneous mood
Produces distinctive, confident voice

15. Purpose vs. Effect Speeds up rhythm Gives a spontaneous mood
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Speeds up rhythm
Gives a spontaneous mood
Produces distinctive, confident voice
Speeding up a text can make a list feel overwhelming
Suggests the list may be incomplete
Willingness to break grammatical rules for effect shows confidence, which equals persuasion

16. Epistrophe
The repetition of a word or words at the end of successive clauses or sentences
The opposite (sort of) of anaphora

17. Epistrophe
Examples:
Wherever they’s a fight so hungry people can eat, I’ll be there. Wherever they’s a cop beatin’ up a guy, I’ll be there An’ when our folk eat the stuff they raise an’ live in the houses they build – why, I’ll be there…..”
--from The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck

18. Epistrophe
Examples:
The big sycamore by the creek was gone. The willow tangle was gone. The little enclave of untrodden bluegrass was gone. 
--Robert Penn Warren, A Romance of Our Time

19. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

20. Purpose vs. Effect (EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANAPHORA)
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
(EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANAPHORA)
Adds rhythm to a text
Adds emphasis to a section
Adds sense of weight behind words

21. Purpose vs. Effect (EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANAPHORA)
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
(EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANAPHORA)
Adds rhythm to a text
Adds emphasis to a section
Adds sense of weight behind words
Rhythm makes a section more memorable
Emphasis leads the reader to the most important points
Weight adds credibility to the speaker and the occasion

22. Meiosis
Intentional understatement that dismisses a person or event, but therefore draws attention to its importance
The opposite of hyperbole

23. Meiosis
Example:
When Mercutio is dying from a stab wound in Romeo and Juliet, he refers to his wound in the following way: "a scratch, a scratch."

24. Meiosis
Example:
“I’ve got a nice place here,” he said, his eyes flashing about restlessly. Turning me around by one arm, he moved a broad flat hand along the front vista, including in its sweep a sunken Italian garden, a half acre of deep, pungent roses, and a snub-nosed motor-boat that bumped the tide offshore.
--The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald

25. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

26. Purpose vs. Effect Draws attention to the point of understatement
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Draws attention to the point of understatement
Creates humor and/or verbal irony
Creates voice
Achieves a contrast of the overuse of hyperbole

27. Purpose vs. Effect Draws attention to the point of understatement
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Draws attention to the point of understatement
Creates humor and/or verbal irony
Creates voice
Achieves a contrast of the overuse of hyperbole
Understatement may be persuasive or memorable
Humor and/or irony might be (duh) funny
In a world of extreme exaggeration, people appreciate and respond to intentional understatement