1. The French Revolution

2. Causes of the French Revolution
King
Cold and Hunger
Inequality in Society
Enlighten-ment
Poor Finances

3. Don’t forget the King and Queen!
King Louis XVI Marie Antionette

4. The Queen: Not so Popular
Austrian Flag
French Flag
Nicknames:
Madame Deficit
Austrian Whore

6. The Necklace Scandal Did Marie defraud jewelers? Worth 1,600,000 Livre
Today: $100 million
Marie Antoinette refused to buy it—but people assumed she was guilty and it helped ruin her reputation

10. France is Divided into 3 Estates
First Estate: Is made up of the Clergy
Second Estate: Is made up of the Nobility
Third Estate: Is made up of the Peasants (and including merchants)

11. Leading up to the Revolution
King decides the three Estates needs to pay higher taxes
The three estates each get 1 vote

12. Bread is too Expensive

13. Voting Problems in France
# of Representatives
# of Votes
Clergy
1st Estate
300
Clergy
1st Estate 1
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
Aristocracy
2nd Estate 1
648
Commoners
3rd Estate
Commoners
3rd Estate 1
Traditional Voting by Estate
# of Representatives at Assembly

14. The Third Estate Rebels
Third Estate counted votes based on total people.
King Louis the XVI did nothing
Third Estate declares itself the National Legislature.
The Tennis Court Oath: “pledge never to separate.”
Louis backs down—allowed to have one vote per person.

15. The Wrong Move by the King
King Louis the XVI orders troops to Paris.
Paris decides to arm itself and storms the Bastille.

16. 18 Died 73 Wounded 1 head on stick 7 Guards Died Held 7 Prisoners

17. The Tricolor is the Fashion!

18. Revolutionary Playing Cards

19. Spread of Fear – Louis Revenge?
Peasants wreak havoc and burn paperwork showing their debt.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Published.
King Louis the XVI orders 7,000 troops to guard him.
The fish ladies attack his palace and kill his guards.

20. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
August 26, 1789
Liberty!
Property!
Resistance to oppression!
Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

21. Radical Leaders Take Charge
Jean-Paul Marat: violence is the answer
George Danton: Originally argued for violence but eventually says the Revolution goes too far.
Maximilien Robespierre: Led the Revolution during it’s most bloodthirsty times.

22. The King is Put on Trial King sentenced to death by the Guillotine.
Tries to make a speech, but the drum beat drowned him out.
When the King was dead, a young soldier held up his head, still dripping with blood, for all to see.

24. Marie Antoinette on the way to the Guillotine

25. Committee of Public Safety
The Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety
The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months (176 people a month).
The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

26. War of Resistance to the Revolution

27. The De-Christianization Program
The adoption of a new Republican Calendar:
abolished Sundays & religious holidays.
months named after seasonal features.
7-day weeks replaced by 10-day decades.
the yearly calendar was dated from the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792]
The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!

28. The New Republican Calendar
Vendemaire
(Vintage)
22 September-21 October
Brumaire
(Fog)
22 October-20 November
Frimaire
(Frost)
21 November-20 December
Nivose
(Snow)
21 December-19 January
Pluviose
(Rain)
20 January-18 February
Ventose
(Wind)
19 February-20 March
Germinal
(Budding)
21 March-19 April
Floreal
(Flowers)
20 April-19 May
Prairial
(Meadows)
20 May-18 June
Messidor
(Harvest)
19 June-18 July
Thermidor
(Heat)
19 July-17 August
Fructidor
(Fruit)
18 August-21 September
The New Republican Calendar
New Name
Meaning
Time Period
Vendemaire
Vintage
September 22 – October 21
Brumaire
Fog
October 22 – November 20
Frimaire
Frost
November 21 – December 20
Nivose
Snow
December 21 – January 19
Pluviose
Rain
January 20 – February 18
Ventose
Wind
February 19 – March 20
Germinal
Budding
March 21 – April 19
Floreal
Flowers
April 20 – May 19
Prairial
Meadow
May 20 – June 18
Messidor
Harvest
June 19 – July 18
Thermidor
Heat
July 19 – August 17
Fructidor
Fruit
August 18 – September 21

29. The De-Christianization Program
The public exercise of religion was banned.
The Paris Commune supported the:
destruction of religious & royal statues.
encouragement of the clergy to give up their jobs.
The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the “Temple of Reason.”

30. “The Death of Marat” by Jacques Louis David, 1793

31. The Arrest of Robespierre

32. The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children!
Danton Awaits Execution, 1793
Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.

33. “Heads. Heads. I need more heads
“Heads! Heads! I need more heads!” - Members of the Committee of Public Safety