1. Ch.2-3 Carbon Compounds and Macromolecules
Chemistry of life

2. POINT > Describe carbon as the central atom in living things
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the 4 classes of macromolecules

3. POINT > Describe carbon as the central atom in living things
A carbon atom has four electrons available for bonding
This makes carbon extremely versatile in its potential bonding

4. Recall:
A covalent bond is formed when one or more electrons are shared between two atoms

5. POINT > Describe carbon as the central atom in living things
Carbon can form covalent bonds with 4 other atoms
It can also form double and triple bonds

6. WB CHECK:
What kind of bond is it when two atoms share electrons?
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

7. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Living things are composed of water and 4 groups of macromolecules
As the name implies, macromolecules are relatively large molecules
Carbon is essential to the structure of these molecules

8. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Ex. Monosaccharides like glucose
Carbohydrate functions:
1. Main source of energy for cells
2. Some structural purposes (in cells with cell walls)
3. “ID Tags” on cell membranes for interacting cells

9. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Carbohydrates are classified as “simple” (sugars) or “complex” Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, lactose, and ribose Simple carbohydrates also include disaccharides like sucrose (table sugar)

10. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are composed of long, branching chains Important polysaccharides include starch, glycogen and cellulose. These are energy storage molecules.

11. WB CHECK:
What is one function of carbohydrates?
What 3 elements are found in carbohydrates?
Give an example of a complex carbohydrate.

12. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
2. Lipids are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen Lipid functions: Store energy Primary component of cell membranes Chemical messengers (some steroids)

13. Lipids are the primary component of cell membranes
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Lipids are the primary component of cell membranes

14. Lipid examples Steroids / Hormones Phospholipids Fats Oils & waxes
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Lipid examples
Steroids / Hormones
Phospholipids
Fats
Oils & waxes
Cholesterol, etc

15. WB CHECK:
What are 2 functions of lipids?
What are the 2 main elements in lipids?
Give 2 examples of lipids.

16. 3. Nucleic acids are found in the nucleus
Nitrogenous Base
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Phosphate Group
3. Nucleic acids are found in the nucleus
Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
Nucleic acids are made of long strands of monomers called nucleotides
Nucleic acid functions: Store & transmit genetic information for protein production
5-Carbon Sugar

17. Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group
Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA
5-Carbon Sugar

18. WB CHECK:
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA are made of long strands of monomers called ___________________ .

19. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and (usually) sulfur Proteins are made of monomers called amino acids

20. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Protein functions: They do almost everything in the cell! Examples: Enzymes control rates of reactions Regulate cell cycle Form cell structures Transport substances Help fight disease

21. Actin & Myosin (in muscles) Amylase (in saliva) plus thousands more!!
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Hemoglobin
Examples of proteins:
Hemoglobin
Actin & Myosin (in muscles)
Amylase (in saliva)
plus thousands more!!

22. WB CHECK:
What are two functions of proteins?
What are the monomers of proteins called?

23. Homework:
Read pp 45-49
#1-3 page 49
Pre-read pp 50-53