1. World War I
“The War to End All War”

2. Primary Cause
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914

3. Secondary Causes
Unification of Germany

4. Secondary Causes
Annexation of Bosnia by Austria Hungary (1908)

5. Secondary Causes Complex and Shifting Alliance System
Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance

6. Secondary Causes Militarism
countries compete to build up their military
(arms race)

7. Secondary Causes Colonialism/Imperialism
European nations compete for lands in Africa, Asia,

8. World War I
The War Starts - Assassination sets off a chain reaction - The Alliance System: Allies (Triple Entente) vs. Central Powers (Triple Alliance) - The Schlieffen Plan & the first Battle of the Marne

9. America’s Role Watching and Waiting: “America First”
U.S. stays neutral

10. Watching and Waiting: “America First”
America’s Role
Watching and Waiting: “America First”
U.S. stays neutral
Foreign Policy Struggle – isolationists, interventionists, “Moral Diplomacy”
Mexican Revolution
Struggling to stay neutral
Strong peace movement
As time passed, more sympathy for the Allies
Anglophiles in the White House

11. America’s Role Isolationists-want U.S. to STAY OUT
LaFollette, Addams, peace groups

12. America’s Role
Interventionists-want America to intervene or get involved
Roosevelt, Preparedness Movement

13. Watching and Waiting: “America First”
America’s Role
Watching and Waiting: “America First”
U.S. stays neutral
Foreign Policy Struggle – isolationists, interventionists, “Moral Diplomacy”
Mexican Revolution
Struggling to stay neutral
Strong peace movement
As time passed, more sympathy for the Allies
Anglophiles in the White House

14. Leaning Towards the Allies
Common Language and Culture
Protect Democracy
Transatlantic Cables
Economic reasons – Trade with the Allies – “Rights of Neutrals”
Aggressive violent image of Germany
Preparedness Movement

15. America at War Causes for U.S. Entry to WW I A. German Activity
(Remember, this is 3 years after WW I starts)
A. German Activity
1. Spies and Sabotage
2. U-Boat Warfare
(Lusitania & others)
3. Zimmerman Note
American trade/investment - $$$

17. America at War Situation in Europe (1917)
Stalemate & Devastation on the Western Front (Trench Warfare)
Russia: Revolution, then the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
German offensive
Allies desperate for U.S. help

19. America at War The Home Front Selective Service Act – The Draft
“Convoy” system – Adm. Sims
Monetary costs
Government Bureaucracy
Food Administration
War Industries Board
US RR Admin.
War Labor Policies Board
Committee on Public Information (CPI)

23. 11/18/2018

24. 11/18/2018

27. America at War The Home Front Attacking the “Enemy Within”
Unofficial – Tide of Intolerance
Official – curtailing individual rights & protections
Women’s Movement Benefits

28. America at War Americans in Action 14 Points
A.E.F. – “Doughboys”, Pershing
Important Battles
Stopping Germany: Cantigny & Belleau Wood
Counter-offensive: St. Mihiel (1st organized air strikes) and the Meuse-Argonne Campaign (1.2 M Americans)
Heroes in an Anonymous War
Armistice
Casualties / Results

29. World War I
Air Power
Billy Mitchell

30. Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial in France:
130.5 acres, largest number of American military dead in Europe, a total of 14,246.

31. America at War “Losing” the Peace 14 Points get whittled down
Treaty of Versailles
Wilson’s mistakes
Elements of the treaty
League of Nations
The fight for ratification

32. America at War Paying the Piper Treatment of Germany
Treatment of Russia
U.S. renouncement of Treaty and League
Vietnam ramifications