1. Review “Big Stick” Diplomacy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Examples: Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary
Dollar Diplomacy: investment and success of American business should determine our foreign policy
Example: Open Door Policy in China, trade with Japan
Moral Diplomacy: foreign policy should allow for principles of justice and liberty to carry throughout the world
Examples: U.S. involvement in World War I

2. The Causes of World War I M.A.I.N.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
“I bless the rains down in Africa / Gonna take some time to do the things we never had”
--Africa, TOto

3. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Militarism
Militarism: the process of countries preparing themselves for war. Includes
New military technology
Increasing numbers of weapons
Increasing number of soldiers enlisted
In the early 1900s, European countries were increasing their military spending because of competition
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

4. Alliances
Alliance: an agreement of friendship or support between two countries In the early 1900s, many European nations formed alliances to protect themselves Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente: United Kingdom, France, and Russia

5. Imperialism
Imperialism: the process by which European nations increased their influence and control over people and territory in Africa and Asia Imperialism increased tension between European countries because they were competing over markets and natural resources

8. Nationalism
Nationalism: overwhelming pride for one’s country or nation Nationalism increased tension between European countries because of competition for power. Each country believed they were the BEST

9. America’s Early Role in the War
Woodrow Wilson took an official stance of neutrality
While officially neutral, the United States was offering arms and loans to the Allied nations (Britain, France, and Russia)
Election of 1916 – with the war raging in Europe, President Wilson runs for reelection
Slogan: “he kept us out of war”
Wilson wins

10. Alliance System Allied Powers
(Triple Entente) – France, Britain, Russia
Central Powers
(Triple Alliance) – Germany, Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire
Later Japan, Italy, and U.S. enter, but they remain neutral at the start of the war
Selective Service Act of 1917 – WWI military draft

11. Reasons America Joins the War
1. Unrestricted submarine Warfare: Germany attacked every shipping vessel  made people angry because of the Sussex Pledge
Promise made by Germany to torpedo armed or cargo ships, but not passenger ships without warning
Sinking of the Lusitania  passenger ship, 114 American civilians died
2. Zimmermann Letter  message from Germany asking Mexico to become allies if the US entered the war
Continued attacks on passenger ships and Zimmerman note led Wilson to ask to go to war.
Stated, “We need to make the world safe for democracy.”

12. What is necessary to win a war? 4 M’s
Money Men
Munitions
Morale