1. Accessory Organs Found in the Skin and Their Functions

2. Touch Receptors
Merkel Cells – Small disc shaped cells found in the stratum basale that respond to gentle physical sensation
Very few of them found in the body, but are concentrated in sensitive areas

3. Touch Receptors
Meissner’s Corpuscles – Nerve receptors surrounded by a club-shaped pile of connective tissue that sense touch in the demis

4. Touch Receptors
Pacinian Corpuscles – Large oval structures with many layers found in the hypodermis that sense hard pressure and vibrations

5. Touch Receptors
Pain Receptors – Free nerve endings throughout the epidermis that sense physical damage

6. Touch Receptors
Hair Receptors – Free nerve endings that detect changes in hair position

7. Nail Structure Nails are layers of keratinized stratum corneum cells
Provide protection for your fingertips and aids in small movements
Grows from the nail root underneath the cuticle and pushes cells further out into the nail body

8. Hair Anatomy Made up of dead keratinized epithelial cells Hair Shaft
Hair Follicle: Hole in the skin where hair develops
Hair Bulb: Expanded base of the root
Hair Papilla: blood vessels that project into the base of the hair to provide it with nutrients
Arrector pili muscle: contract to allow hairs to stand up straight

9. Sweat Glands Apocrine sweat glands
Located near the hair follicles, groin, and armpits
Become active around puberty and act as a sexual attractant
Eccrine sweat glands
Located all over your skin
Regulate body temperature

10. Sebaceous Glands Oil glands that keep the skin from drying out
Destroys pathogens on the skin as well

11. Temperature Regulation in the Skin
To Cool Down:
Vasodilation
More blood pumped to extremities
Sweating
To Warm Up:
Vasoconstriction
More blood retained in the core
Goose Bumps
Shivering