1. First Age of Empires (1570 B.C. – 200 B.C.)
11/18/2018
Chapter Four

2. Empire vs. City-state
Empires = 1) variety of peoples, 2) unified under one ruler, 3) large area
City-state = 1) homogeneous population, 2) various types of rule, 3) small area

3. Persia Founded by Cyrus the Great (550 B.C.)
Conquered Mesopotamia with tolerant policy
Darius divided land into provinces
Connected the Empire via 1500 mile Royal Road
Standardized use of coin money
Zoroastrianism
Ahura Mazda (monotheistic worship)
Heaven, Hell, and Judgment
Actions determine fate

5. China Zhou Dynasty (1027 B.C. – 256 B.C.)
Established dynastic cycles with Mandate of
Heaven
Confucian teaching
Qin Dynasty (256 B.C. – 202 B.C.)
“First Emperor” Shi Huangdi
Autocratic rule through Legalist policy
Forced labor to build the Great Wall of China

7. Three Chinese Philosophies
Confucianism vs. Daoism vs. Legalism
Philosophy
Founder
Core Beliefs
Emphasis
Confucianism
Confucius
Balance
Family
Daoism
Laozi
Natural Order
Nature
Legalism
Hanfeizi
Strict Justice
Government