1. The Ottoman Empire
Caitlyn Holifield

2. Background and Expansion
Founded around 1300
Osman was the leader
Started as a small state in northwestern Anatolia
Grew because of shrewdness of the founder, control between Europe and Asia on the Dardanelles strait, and the creation of a Turkish army
The main focus of this army was on Christian enemies and the Balkans
Conquered a Serbian kingdom at the Battle of Kosovo
Sultans were in control

3. Background and Expansion cont.
Attacked Bursa and made it their capital
Murad I sets up Janissaries system
1402 a Mongolian army crushes Turkey and the Ottoman Empire is spilt up
Mehmed II lays siege on the Byzantine capital of Constantinople

4. Orhan Gazi established standing cavalry formations
Orhan Gazi continued to extend the boundaries of the new country
added Izmit .
Angora was regained from the Ahi Tribe
Cheembi Castle, Gallipoli, Bolayir, Malkara, Chorlou and Tekirdagh were added to Ottoman territories.
Coins were used for the first time in the Ottoman empire

5. Central Institutions
Janissaries – Christian prisoners of war induced to serve as military slaves
Gave the Ottomans a flexible military
They fought on foot and learned to use guns
Turkish cavalry diminished
Tax restrictions began to bankrupt landholders
Tax farming
Janissaries had increased power and they continued a powerful faction
rural administration suffered from tax farms

6. Suleiman the Magnificent
Over the greatest Ottoman assault
Conquered Belgrade
Expelled the Knights of St. John’s Hospital
Joined with Francis I against Emperor Charles V
Conquered many parts of western Asia wanting to convert people to Islam

7. Battles 1606 - fight with the Persians
The Ottomans fail to conquer Venice
Austrian troops push into their territory and they are defeated at Zenta
Lose land
In 1821 Greece revolts
the Greeks eventually get help from France, Britain, and Russia

8. Battle of Kosovo Turkish forces were better equipped than the Serbians
Fought on the "Field of Blackbirds"
The Serbian leader Lazar and Murad I faced off and both died
Bayezid (Murad's son) then took control of the Ottoman army and they did not take all of Serbia until about 1450

9. Second Siege of Vienna military power decreased
Janissaries would hire substitutes to go on campaign
sultans relied on armies raised by the governors of frontier provinces
second siege failed and the Russians and Austrians new the Ottomans were weakening
the Ottomans met their demise in 1722 from their long time foe the Safavid Empire

10. Trade Agreements Not much money in Ottoman empire
Overland trade dwindled away
A disorder in Safavid Iran cut into silk production
Coffee was grown in Yemen and exported to Egypt
1770 Muslim merchants were charged 15% in fees
Capitulations - favors granted from powerful sultans
led to European domination

11. Patrona Halil Rebellion
The Tulip Period
Patrona Halil Rebellion
some Ottoman statesmen advised the sultans to reestablish the land-grant
Istanbul elite experimented with European clothing, furniture, and printed books
named the "Tulip Period" because European fashions were in favor
a Janissary revolt
Ahmed III was the leader of the revolt
he dictated around government policies before he was caught and executed
This confirmed the Ottomans were having difficulties
Then the economy began reorienting itself around Europe

13. Works Cited http://www.nndb.com/people/916/000092640/