1. Review History of Middle East

2. Middle East History Review
European Partitioning in the Middle East
Iraq
Afghanistan

3. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
--The Ottoman Empire began in the year 1299, located in present day Turkey, which is located in the Middle East.
--The empire later grew and included parts of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.

5. Growth Of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire grew fast by taking over many regions.
Soon it was one of the largest empires in the world.
By 1451, the powerful Ottomans ruled many cities in the Middle East and Europe.
In 1453, the Ottomans took Constantinople (later called Istanbul located in present day Turkey).
Constantinople was the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
It was one of the largest cities of the time.

6. Decline and End of Ottoman…
By the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was weak.
The Ottomans sided with the losing side during World War I, which fought against the Allied powers of England, France, Russia, and the United States.
After World War I ended the Ottoman Empire was crushed & it broke up…and the land was split between European nations.
**The League of Nations (France & England) got to divide up the land how they wanted.
Soon after World War I ended Middle Eastern nations were formed in the land that was once known as the Ottoman Empire
This created unfair boundaries & mixed ethnic groups who did not get along with each other.

7. The Creation of Israel

8. Copy the following words . . . (skip a few lines between each word)
Diaspora
Anti-Semitism
Holocaust
Promised Land
Zionism

9. (ex. Babylonians, Mongols, Romans)
Jewish Diaspora
the forced scattering of Jewish people from their homeland by foreign invaders
(ex. Babylonians, Mongols, Romans)

10. Russia
Europe
“Promised Land
“Canaan”
“Palestine”
“Israel”

11. hatred, mistreatment, or discrimination against Jewish people
Anti-Semitism
hatred, mistreatment, or discrimination against Jewish people

12. Holocaust worst case of anti-Semitism
carried out by Hitler’s Nazi party in the s
Nazis adopted a policy of genocide, the purposeful and organized extermination of a group of people based on their race, religion, or culture.

13. Holocaust
gangs attacked & burned synagogues & Jewish business throughout Germany
Jewish hospitals, homes, schools & cemeteries were also vandalized

14. Holocaust Jews were arrested & placed in prisons called
concentration camps
slave labor, medical experiments, death

15. ZIONISM
an international movement for the creation of a Jewish community in Palestine
later supported the creation of the modern state of Israel

16. Why Zionism? ZION = “the Promised Land”
Torah says God promised the land of Israel to the descendants of the Jewish patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
Israel supposed to be a SAFE place for Jews

17. Movement of the Jewish People
Push Factors
Anti-Semitism
Holocaust
Pull Factors
Promised Land
Zionism

18. The UN Plan for partition 1947.

19. Arab-Israeli Conflict
Early beginnings : 19th century to 1947

20. Iraq’s Oil Fields

21. Iraq: Persian Gulf War In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait.
Western world leaders were afraid to have Saddam Hussein in control of such a large share of the world’s oil.
Western world leaders also thought Iraq had weapons of mass destruction (WMD’s) (chemical and biological weapons)

22. Iraq: Persian Gulf War
An alliance of countries (including U. S. and Great Britain) forced the Iraqis out of Kuwait

23. Iraq: Persian Gulf War

24. Iraq: Results of The Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussein remained in power in Iraq.
Because Saddam refused to accept U. N. terms for peace, the U. N. placed an embargo on Iraq.
Iraq’s economy suffered as a result of the embargo.
600 oil fields in Kuwait were set on fire with devastating environmental affects.

25. Analyze the Causes and Effects
The War in Afghanistan
Analyze the Causes and Effects

26. September 11, 2001
How does this relate to Afghanistan?

32. The War in Afghanistan Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan
September 11, 2001
The Attackers and their Motivation
Planning of the Attacks
The Hijackers
Osama bin Laden & Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
US-led Coalition Response
Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan
Effects of the War in Afghanistan

33. Al-Qaeda Claims responsibility for attack on USA
Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies.

34. Afghanistan: History
The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan.

36. Al-Qaeda Alliance with Taliban
1996 Osama bin Laden moves from Sudan to Afghanistan
Leader of Al-Qaeda

37. Al-Qaeda Network

38. 9/11
Men who Hijacked planes

39. Hi-jacker

40. Why did these people want to attack America?
According to Bin Laden, he is concerned with
American foreign policy towards, and American actions in, the Muslim world
US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of Arab land
US support for corrupt and repressive regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states).
Post 9/11, the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq. 

41. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Captured
The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the "principal architect" of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed "not from his experiences there as a student, but rather from his violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel".[
Architect of 9/11

43. Afghanistan: Terrain causes Political Problems
Why can’t we find Osama bin Laden or at least win and end the current war in Afghanistan?
The rugged terrain makes it difficult to organize, fight, and rule people.

45. Osama bin Laden ?

46. How did the United States respond?
Tells Taliban to:
deliver Al-Qaeda leaders to USA
release all US citizens in jails
protect foreigners in Afghanistan
Close terrorist facilities
Does the Taliban accept?

47. U. S. Kills Bin Laden in Pakistan ?
ZION = “the Promised Land”
Torah says God promised the land of Israel to the descendants of the Jewish patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
Israel supposed to be a SAFE place for Jews

48. Invasion of Iraq/ Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003
2003 THE United States Launched an Invasion of Iraq, after claiming Iraqi government led by Saddam Hussein was developing nuclear weapons and offering aid to groups like al-Qaeda, who were a threat to the United States interest in the Region. The government of Saddam Hussien collapsed quickly because many of the Iraqis felt he was a cruel leader.

49. Iraq lost the war, Saddam Hussein, the leader was removed from power
Iraq lost the war, Saddam Hussein, the leader was removed from power. The U.S. won the war but found no weapons of mass destruction. The U.S. is trying to help build a democracy.