1. The History of Apartheid in S.Africa
Apartheid: Apartness

2. Apartheid = “Separateness” The separation of races

3. Objectives Explain what apartheid was
Explain why Europeans wanted S.Africa in the first place
Identify what apartheid was like
Identify how apartheid ended

4. Early History A Time Line
1806 – British seize Cape of Good Hope
1867 – Discovery of Gold
1886 – Discovery of Diamonds
1889 – 1902 – The Boer War (British and Dutch settlers)
1902 – The beginning of apartheid
1990’s – The end of apartheid
The discovery of diamond and gold increased wealth of new settlers and increased immigration to the area. The discovery also intensified subjugation of native inhabitants.
After the Boer War, the Union of South Africa was created and operated under a policy of apartheid.

5. South Africa
Twice the size of Texas

6. Why?
Europeans wanted S.African resources
Especially diamonds

7. Apartheid
Laws enacted in 1948, racial discrimination becomes institutionalized
Race laws touch every aspect of social life
“White only” laws-blacks had to carry passbooks

8. Apartheid- racial segregation and Citizenship
The system of legal racial segregation was enforced by the National Party government in SA between 1948 and 1994 (46 yrs).
The National Party legislation classified inhabitants into racial groups (‘black’, ‘white’, ‘coloured’ and ‘Indian’
In 1958 Blacks were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of the ten tribally based self-governing homelands called bantustans. Needed a “passbook” when leaving one of the bantustans.

9. Homelands “Reservations” or “Bantustans” Established 9 African groups
Each was to become a nation within its own homeland
Africans had rights and freedoms
Outside the homelands, treated as aliens
Poor quality land with erosion
Completely incapable of supporting large populations

10. “Jo’Burg” Today Johannesburg
Suburb of Jo’Burg

11. Homelands
Semi-independent areas occupied by blacks

12. The Pass Book
Needed special permits to live outside of reservations, but not with family
Lived in Townships (the city’s perimeter)
Curfew regulations
Passbook raids
Failure to meet curfew or have passbook = subject to arrest

16. Apartheid-Public facilities and jobs
medical care and other public services and provided black people with service inferior to those of Whites
Practical separation of residential areas
Separation of public institutions e.g. schools and hospitals.
Separation of jobs, ”jobs for whites only”
Separate use of facilities like toilets, chairs, bus stops, stair-cases etc.
Black buses stopped at black bus stops and white buses at white ones. Trains, hospitals and ambulances were segregated
Mzoli Mcanca

17. Various laws applied in the use of public facilities, like chairs, toilets, bus stops, stair-cases etc.
By Mzoli Mncanca

18. Warnings
By Mzoli Mncanca

21. Apartheid separated
the whites from
the non-whites

22. Apartheid No Rights for Non-whites
No right to vote
No ownership of land
No right to move freely
No right to free speech
No right to protest the government

23. Apartheid- Marriages and business
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949, prohibiting marriages between white people and people of other races
Blacks were not allowed to run a business in the areas that were meant for white South Africans.

24. Apartheid- Rights of women
Colonialism and apartheid had an impact on women since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination.
Women had few or no legal rights. No right to own property.

25. Apartheid Education
Bantu Education Act (1953) gave the central government control over African education
"Native education should be controlled in accord with the policy of the state If the native in South Africa today in any kind of school in existence is being taught to expect that he will live his adult life under a policy of equal rights, he is making a big mistake There is no place for him in the European community above the level of certain forms of labor." -Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister
Mzoli Mcanca 25

26. Sharpsville Massacre March 21
*On this date in 1960, police in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, fired on Black South Africans protesting racially biased pass laws. The protesters suffered 72 deaths and more than 200 injuries in two days of violence

27. Sharpville Massacres

28. Student Uprising: 1976
Black students were forced to learn in Afrikaans.
Protests against Afrikaans started.
More than 500 black students killed by white policemen.
More than a thousand men, women and children wounded.

30. Nelson Mandela Arrested in 1962 for opposing the apartheid laws
The African National Congress was a banned organization, he was a part of it
In jail until 1990
Elected first black president in 1994

31. Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela peacefully fought to end apartheid. He served 27 years in prison for such “treason.”
Thousands of other South African non-whites were imprisoned and executed for their resistance against apartheid.

33. Desmond Tutu
Another leader against apartheid
Religious leader

34. Tutu Quotations
"When missionaries came to South Africa, we had the land, they had the Bible. Then they told us, 'Let's close our eyes and pray.' When we opened our eyes we saw that we have the Bible, they have the land."
"If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse and you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not appreciate your neutrality."

35. 1985 Demonstration
In an International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was organized. The demonstration was held at Langa Township in Uitenhage. The day commemorates the anniversary of the March 21, 1960 massacre.

36. 1994
Reservations abolished and territories reabsorbed into the nation of South Africa
Apartheid caused major economic hardships on South Africa
International sanctions
Decreased labor force
Cut investments from countries like U.S.A.
First multiracial election
Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa (1994 – 1999)

38. To close… Explain what apartheid was
Explain why Europeans wanted S.Africa in the first place
Identify what apartheid was like
Identify how apartheid ended